Analysis of F.I. Tyutchev's poem "Fountain"
Poem by F.I. Tyutchev's "Fountain" was written in 1836. I could attribute it to Tyutchev’s philosophical lyrics. Having creatively adopted the philosophical and aesthetic ideas of the German romantics, Schelling’s teaching about a single “world soul,” the poet was convinced that it finds its expression both in nature and in the inner life of man. Nature and man form a deep unity in Tyutchev’s lyrics, the border between them is mobile and permeable. From this point, comprehension of the elements of nature is contemplation of oneself in nature. That is why the two-part composition of Tyutchev’s poem “Fountain” is full of deep meaning. The first part is the play of a fountain, which swirls like a “living cloud.” He is beautiful, great and light, he strives to touch the “cherished heights,” but “is condemned to fall to the earth” as soon as he touches the sky. The element of water in the form of a fountain is just a part of nature, and parts cannot comprehend the whole. The second part is a comparison of the water element of the fountain with the water cannon of “mortal thought,” which also rushes to the sky, but the “invisibly fatal hand” refracts the “ray” of the “inexhaustible” “water cannon.” This is how Tyutchev’s rejection of self-affirmation and self-will of the individual, so characteristic of many movements of romantic literature, is born. The imaginary greatness of human thought is just a fun created by the Higher Principle. The “water cannon” of thought is like a fountain created by man for his own amusement. The poet's irony is obvious:
About mortal thought water cannon,
O inexhaustible water cannon!
What an incomprehensible law
It urges you, it torments you!
Associated with a generally holistic view of the world of nature and man is the absence of everyday prosaic details in the poem. Here there are elements of the odic tradition of the 18th century, solemn, majestic speech. However, this tradition appears in Tyutchev in a romantically transformed form, peculiarly crossed with the form of a fragment characteristic of German romantic lyricism. The severity of the collision of such heterogeneous genre traditions in the poem “Fountain” emphasizes the contradictory consciousness of modern man, the multidimensionality and complexity of existence. Here we observe oratorical, didactic intonations, ornate and prophetic pathos. Tyutchev's epithets and metaphors are unexpected and unpredictable, conveying the play of the natural forces of water and the power of reason. The element of the fountain is likened to flame: “flames”, “wet smoke”, “rising like a ray to the sky”, “falling down like fire-colored dust”, “condemned”. This is very reminiscent of both the story of Icarus and the story of Prometheus. The word “ray” is repeated twice in the poem. “The ray of the fountain” and the “ray” of “mortal thought.” This comparison emphasizes the futility of human pride’s aspirations to comprehend Heaven as the Highest Beginning. Note that Truth appears in the form of a hand, and the definition “invisibly fatal” emphasizes the inevitability of falling to the ground, despite the persistence and greed to comprehend the sky with a mortal ray. The poet will combine the image of natural elements and a tragic reflection on human life. This gives the poem a symbolic and philosophical meaning, and Tyutchev’s thought acquires expressiveness, living figurative flesh. The water element in the poem is humanized, spiritualized. It is internally understandable and close to a person. Like a living, thinking creature, it swirls like a “living” cloud. The poem addresses the reader: “Look,...”. The author acts as a visionary teacher who gives an object lesson to his students. The first part is a contemplation of an example from the life of nature. The second part is a conclusion and comparison about a person’s life. I really liked the poem by F.I. Tyutchev "Fountain". I would especially like to note the poet’s unprecedented freedom of thinking, improvisation, spontaneity and naturalness of expression of feelings and thoughts.
The poem “Fountain” belongs to Tyutchev’s philosophical lyrics; it was written during the heyday of his talent. At the same time, he created such masterpieces as “Spring Storm”, “Autumn Evening”, “Insomnia”, “It’s not for nothing that Winter is angry ...” and others. Turgenev wrote about the work of this poet: “Each of his poems began with a thought...”.
Tyutchev addresses the reader and interlocutor, drawing attention to the picture depicting a fountain. He compares human thought to a fountain. The poet calls the law by which she lives incomprehensible. Human thought, according to Tyutchev, is inexhaustible, but at the same time it cannot fully penetrate the secrets of the Universe. Like a fountain, she uncontrollably strives upward, towards the sky, but for her there is a limit, a certain boundary through which she cannot cross - she will be stopped by the “invisibly fatal hand”. Thought, greedily striving upward, is condemned, like streams of water in a fountain, to “fall to the ground.” Inside each stanza there is a line of “ascent: and “descent”.
The poem is compositionally divided into two parts - into two stanzas, each of which consists of eight lines. In the first part a fountain is depicted, in the second the poet describes the movement of human thought. This composition is usually called “mirror”. The image of the continuous movement of water in a fountain, drawn in the first stanza, illustrates the direct meaning of the word fountain (a stream of water shooting upward). The second part deals with human thought and uses the figurative meaning of the word fountain (an inexhaustible, abundant flow of something). The first part of the poem can be called an illustration, a picturesque picture, while the second part is a philosophical reflection. Connection between
parts are direct and inseparable - by comparing them, the reader can understand the idea of the work.
The second stanza, even from the outside, looks much more emotional than the first. The first uses “calm” punctuation marks: comma, period, dash, semicolon. In the second stanza there are not only exclamation and question marks, but there is even a special synthetic punctuation mark (! ..). Rhetorical exclamations and rhetorical questions
involve the reader in the author's thoughts. It is clear that the philosophical grain of the poem, its idea, is contained in the second part of the poem. It is also important that in the very appearance of the main image of the work there are details that are interesting to pay attention to. The graphic image of the letter F somehow magically resembles a fountain. In addition, it uniquely reflects the composition of the poem: in addition to two circles, it has a core,
connecting them in the middle - and in the composition of Tyutchev’s poem there is also a certain vertical connecting the heavenly and the earthly. It turns out that the title image was not chosen by chance by the author. The fountain perfectly symbolizes the picture of eternal movement towards a high goal: water - towards the sky, human thought - towards truth.
The idea of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev’s poem can probably be stated simply: the world in which we live is beautiful and amazing, it is inexhaustible and cannot be fully understood by man. Sublime vocabulary and metaphors connect the image of a fountain with the image of a person’s “mortal thought”. In the first part of the poem, the figurative system is more picturesque, the artist’s color palette is brighter. The author uses romantic epithets (a shining fountain; a treasured height), vivid vocabulary (flaming; the sun; a ray), metaphors (a living cloud; a ray rising to the sky). Epithets are at the same time metaphors (shining fountain; wet smoke; cherished height; fiery dust). Metaphors are also contained in comparisons (a fountain... swirls like a living cloud; it is condemned to fall to the ground with fire-colored dust). The emotional richness of the poem is enhanced by the use of a variety of syntactic structures. The first four lines, united by a common rhyme, represent a complex sentence with a main sentence consisting of one word: “Look ...”, which contains an appeal and an appeal. The repetition of the conjunction draws attention to the object of the image - the fountain, connecting the verbs swirls, flames, fragments, which helps make the picture visible.
An important stylistic role is played by inversion, which emphasizes the significance of words (a shining fountain swirls like a living cloud; its moist smoke in the sun; an invisible fatal hand; a persistent ray). The second stanza, in which the author addresses the philosophical questions of existence, is filled with more abstract images, words with a high stylistic connotation, including outdated ones (strims, hand). Particularly significant is the replacement of the word fountain with a synonym for water cannon; in order to enhance the impression, the author resorts to repetition. The word “ray” is repeated twice in the poem: the ray of a fountain and the ray of “mortal thought.” This comparison emphasizes the futility of man’s desire to comprehend all the secrets of the Universe. The work ends with the word “heights”. It also sounded at the very beginning, accompanied by
cherished epithet). It is interesting to consider how artistic space and artistic time change in this work.
At first glance, both parts of the poem seem to be organized in the same way: the movement (of water in the fountain and thoughts) first goes up, and then follows an inexorable descent down. There is a certain doom in this movement - it seems that it is impossible to break out of this circle. But the reader’s attentive gaze reveals that these two circles are not at all the same.
The first circle is small - this is the movement of water in a fountain in a closed circle, this is material
world. The second circle is much larger - it is a circle of thought that can be expanded endlessly. The wider the circle, the closer to the truth a person is. Artistic time in the text of the first stanza can be defined by the word now, and in the second - by the word always (the author suggests this with the words “incomprehensible law”). The poem is written in iambic tetrameter and the rhyme is circular.
Option 2
Poem “Fountain” by F.I. Tyutchev is very unusual. On the one hand, this is simply admiration for a wonderful picture born of the contrast of light and water (sun and water smoke), but after reading the poem two, five, ten times, you understand that this is not so.
The poem is based on the principle of conversion, i.e. the author says “look” - and a picture instantly appears in your imagination, under the impression of which we are transported to 1836, on one of the clear days of April. The weather is wonderful, hot, and there is a cool fountain nearby. Tyutchev portrays this seemingly indescribable picture, as if addressing you specifically and reciting these poems against the backdrop of the landscape - such an unusual impression is created.
A fountain is not just an architectural structure filled with water that circulates back and forth. It is immediately clear: this is a “living cloud”, consisting of billions of droplets that play and shimmer in the sun, creating a wonderful “fire-colored” smoke.
In the first eight-line, a picture of a fountain sparkling in the sun is drawn in detail, the physical process of raising water to the “cherished height” and subsequent fall under the influence of gravity, as well as the optical effect of light refraction in drops, is surprisingly accurately conveyed.
Tyutchev does not stop at the physical picture, he goes further, bringing his thoughts and identifying the fountain with the “human”. It should definitely be noted that in the second eight-line there is an appeal. The first two verses begin with “O,” which, combined with the special word “water cannon,” synonymous with a fountain, and the epithet “inexhaustible,” convey the author’s admiration. The picture of the fountain dissolves and disappears completely. The word “mortal” dispels it. This is directly human thought. The thought is unusual, captivating, like the drops of a fountain, and therefore the thought is comparable to the flight of a drop. The comparison is unusual, which is typical of poetic thought. So, the flight of poetic thought, the “cherished height” of which is the recognition of thought.
Thought moves according to the “incomprehensible law,” which means, according to Tyutchev, there is a higher power that controls the direction and content of thought. The fountain rushes to the sky. It is “tearing”, this word emphasizes the speed, speed, strength and inevitability of the “human fountain” - thought.
Humanity remembers the “persistent rays” launched by the fountain of thought and controlled by the “invisible hand”. A fountain, like a person, can fall apart and die over time; the thought, if it is worthwhile, will be eternal.
Perhaps the main feature of this poem is that two worlds are present and clearly demarcated in it: the world close to the real, in this case the fountain, and the world of thoughts. If in most works of philosophical poetry of the romantic direction you have to look for the interlinear meaning yourself, then here it is given.
Tyutchev even masterfully constructed a description of the painting itself. The first two lines represent a complete thought, a picture appears in black and white, which only represents the scene of action, and at the end there is a “semicolon” - the first stage of the impression has passed. Before our eyes, the picture comes to life, filled with colors: red, orange, yellow. The fountain begins to flow, and slowly, one large drop is visible in close-up. which rises and falls. As soon as it falls, the picture disappears, as evidenced by the “dot” at the end of the first eight-line, and when the drop reaches its apogee, it hangs there for a while, and in this place it glows especially brightly. The duration is shown with a “dash” at this point. The second part begins, the main task of which is to pose the question: “What incomprehensible law is striving for you, troubling you?” And as if to confirm that this question is not meaningless, the picture of a “persistent ray” returns, which is refracted and thrown into the abyss from above.
Tyutchev formulated a question to which we may never find an answer, but we can only rejoice that he asked the questions so well, clearly saw and “collected” the idea that he was able to do the main thing, and this is his great merit.
Option 3
Lyrics of the Russian poet F.I. Tyutcheva is philosophical, always imbued with deep thought. However, Tyutchev’s thought is never abstract: it, as a rule, merges with an image, a picture depicting something specific. Thought and image are closely interconnected: the picture gives expressiveness to the thought, and the thought saturates the picture with depth.
In the literal sense, a “fountain” is an architectural structure for supplying water under pressure; in a figurative sense, one can say “a fountain of ideas, thoughts.”
The first stanza consists of eight verses with a ring rhyme: Abba||Abba.
The rings of rhymes give relative independence and closedness to the quatrains included in the stanza. The first four verses depict a picture of a gushing fountain, the next four - the fall of water to the ground. In general, the first stanza paints a picture associated with the fountain as an architectural structure.
The second stanza is a mirror image of the first. It sets out Tyutchev’s philosophical position, which is that human thought, even brilliant, cannot comprehend everything. “The water cannon of mortal thought” is compared to a fountain. This vivid image helps to visually present the picture that worries the author.
Important stylistic possibilities lie in the syntax. The first four verses, united by a common rhyme, represent a complex sentence with a main sentence consisting of one word - “look”, which contains an appeal and an appeal. The absence of a definite reference to the verb emphasizes the importance of the object of attention itself.
The repetition of the conjunction “how” performs the same function, drawing attention to the object of the image - the fountain, connecting the verbs with each other: “swirls”, “flames”, “splits”, which helps to vividly present the picture.
Inversion plays an important stylistic role (“treasured heights”, “fire-colored dust”, “condemned to fall to the earth”), increasing the expressiveness of poetic speech, enhancing the semantic load of words placed at the end of the verse.
The second stanza begins with an anaphora that combines appeals that are similar in syntactic structure:
About mortal thought water cannon,
O inexhaustible water cannon!
Rhetorical exclamations and questions create maximum emotional tension.
Strengthening the expressiveness of speech is achieved by using tropes - figures of speech in which a word or expression is used in a figurative meaning. The poetic language used to depict the fountain is bright, figurative, metaphorically rich (“shining fountain”, “wet smoke”, “like a living cloud... swirling”, “falling down with fire-colored dust... condemned”).
The second stanza as a whole is a detailed comparison of the fountain and human thought, which, like a fountain, rushes upward, obeying some kind of “incomprehensible law.” Tyutchev’s image of human thought is philosophically rich: the metaphor “you greedily strive for the sky” emphasizes swiftness and tirelessness. However, the infinity of thought turns out to be illusory: something, designated by the metaphor “invisibly fatal hand,” interrupts the flight of human thought.
At the end of the poem there is a tragic thought that the world is completely incomprehensible to man.
The person in Tyutchev's lyrics appears as a seeker, a thinker, gifted with high spiritual needs. The words of the biblical prophet: “In much wisdom there is much sorrow, and whoever increases knowledge increases sorrow,” are consonant with the main idea of Tyutchev’s poem “The Fountain.” The poet’s undoubted merit is that he was able to express human wisdom accumulated over centuries in bright, figurative poetic words.
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See how the shining fountain swirls like a living cloud; How it burns, how its moist smoke breaks up in the sun. Rising to the sky with a ray, he touched the cherished heights and was again condemned to fall to the earth with fire-colored dust. O mortal thought water cannon, O inexhaustible water cannon! What incomprehensible law strives for you, troubles you? How greedily you strive for the sky!.. But the hand of invisibly fatal, refracting your stubborn ray, overthrows in the spray from the heights...
Poem by F.I. Tyutchev’s “Fountain” was written in 1836 in Tyutchev’s life - the fourteenth year of his many years of service in Munich in the Russian mission (). This was the period of the most fruitful poetic activity. Look how Tyutchev's poem is written in iambic trimeter with pyrrhichs, which somewhat soften the meter and give it some smoothness.
O mortal thought water cannon, O inexhaustible water cannon! What incomprehensible law strives for you, troubles you? How greedily you strive for the sky!.. But the hand of the invisible and fatal, Your stubborn beam refracting, Throws you down in the spray from a height... The second part is a comparison of the water element of the fountain with the water cannon of “mortal thought”, which also rushes to the sky, but The “invisibly fatal hand” refracts the “ray” of the “inexhaustible” “water cannon”.
Human thought, like a fountain, strives upward, towards the sky, but there is a certain limit, there is a certain border established... but by whom? A higher power or the energy of thought itself? “The Invisibly Fatal Hand” is a poetic image of the Incomprehensible Law of Fate, which man cannot recognize. A thought that dares to rise to an “illegal” height falls, crumbling into small fragments, and does not maintain the achieved level.
PHILOSOPHICAL LYRICS are poems based on thoughts about the meaning of life or eternal human values. They, like any other lyrics, contain the requirement to comply with all literary rules for writing poetry (rhyme, imagery, personification, etc.) and the presence of a hidden meaning, in addition to the clear main one. The hidden meaning is sometimes not revealed immediately, but after reading the work several times, sometimes even after a real event that happened later
Night and I, we both breathe, The air is drunk with linden blossom, And, silent, we hear That, as we sway with its stream, the fountain hums to us. - I, and blood, and thought, and body - We are obedient slaves: To a certain limit We all rise boldly Under the pressure of fate. The thought rushes, the heart beats. The darkness cannot be helped by flickering; The blood will return to the heart again, My ray will spill into the pond, And the dawn will extinguish the night.
RHYME Night and I, we both breathe, The air is drunk with linden blossom, And, silent, we hear That, as we sway with its stream, the fountain hums to us. Fet's poem is written using trochee, which gives the work a “vigorous” style, lightness, and emphasizes the author’s optimistic mood.
Night and I, we both breathe, The air is drunk with linden blossom, And, silent, we hear That, as we sway with its stream, the fountain hums to us. - I, and blood, and thought, and body - We are obedient slaves: To a certain limit We all rise boldly Under the pressure of fate. The thought rushes, the heart beats. The darkness cannot be helped by flickering; The blood will return to the heart again, My ray will spill into the pond, And the dawn will extinguish the night. See how the shining fountain swirls like a living cloud; How it burns, how its moist smoke breaks up in the sun. Rising to the sky with a ray, he touched the cherished heights and was again condemned to fall to the earth with fire-colored dust. O mortal thought water cannon, O inexhaustible water cannon! What incomprehensible law strives for you, troubles you? How greedily you strive for the sky!.. But the hand of invisibly fatal, refracting your stubborn ray, overthrows in the spray from the heights...
Let's compare! Fet's thoughts in the poem "Fountain" are somewhat similar to Tyutchev's thoughts. The poet compares human life with the construction of a fountain: O Fet does not perceive this limitation of human life as something tragic. For him, the cycle of life and death is a natural and natural phenomenon. The poet considers man a part of nature who obeys its laws. A person comes into this world, generated by the earth, and leaves it. For the lyrical hero Fet, this is not a tragedy, but harmony and the natural course of things.
The artistic form of the poems Both poems are based on the comparison of a person with a fountain. The composition of Tyutchev's poem has two parts. The first part is a description of the “work” of the fountain, the second part is an analogy with human thought. Fet's poem has 3 parts - an exposition, a description of human life and its outcome.
However, in both concepts the role of fate and fate is strong. Both Tyutchev and Fet consider a person subject to this force - “the pressure of fate.” But if Tyutchev’s fate is an evil fate, then Fet’s is part of the forces of the Universe that force a person not only to suffer, but also to develop (“we rise boldly”).
The poems of Tyutchev and Fet are philosophical elegies with similar motives. However, in terms of the basic mood and philosophical concept, these poems differ sharply from each other. The artistic means chosen by each of their artists help them express their view of human life, its possibilities and the place of man in this world.
In 1839, it refers to the most fruitful period of the poet’s work. It deepens and reinterprets the romantic motifs of Goethe's Faust. In “Fontana” Tyutchev discusses the theme of fate, fate in human life, trying to comprehend the human world by comparing it with the natural world.
Philosophical meaning The poem lies in the poet’s reflections on the predetermined fate of man. Tyutchev believes that there is a certain predetermination in a person’s fate that he can never overcome.
The artist reflects on the tragic discrepancy between the desire of human thought to understand all the laws of the universe and the limitations of its capabilities. Human thought strives upward, towards knowledge, like a fountain directed towards the sky, but in both cases there is a certain limit beyond which one cannot go. The invisible law of fate - "invisibly fatal hand"- allows human thought to rise only to a certain height, then overthrowing it to the ground, like the jets of a fountain.
The poem is based on Tyutchev’s favorite technique - poetic comparison. The poet develops two themes in parallel: fountain jets as a phenomenon of the external world and "water cannon" human thought. Parallelism determines the two-part composition of the work: the poem is divided into two logical parts with a clear division of content into stanzas. The first eight-line creates a bright, expressive image of a fountain, the second eight-line is dedicated to the inner nature of human thought.
A beautiful multi-color painting "shining" Tyutchev depicts the fountain using epithets that serve as metaphors ( "treasured heights", "wet smoke", "fire-colored dust"), similes containing metaphors ( “a shining fountain swirled like a living cloud”). The artist very unexpectedly compares the fountain with the element of fire ( "flames", "curls", "wet smoke"), identifies the fountain with "living cloud".
The second part of "Fontana" is devoted to contrast "mortal thought" a person, a thought that "persistent ray" "Runs to the sky" in order to comprehend the mystery of Being, the mystery of the existence and purpose of man himself. The eighth line, conveying the internal state of the lyrical hero, is emotionally rich due to appeals ( “A water cannon about mortal thought // O inexhaustible water cannon!”), rhetorical questions (( “What incomprehensible law // strives for you, troubles you?”), rhetorical exclamations ( “How greedily you strive for the sky!”).
The philosophical elegy is written in iambic trimeter with pyrrhic, creating the effect of upward movement of streams of water. Tyutchev uses a ring rhyme in “The Fountain”, which seems to repeat the endless movement of the water jets of the fountain up and down.
The poem is rich in various epithets ( "a living cloud", "treasured heights", "shining fountain") and metaphors ( "the fountain swirls", "water cannon of mortal thought").
Tyutchev’s organically inherent sense of the identity of nature and the human spirit elevates poetic images poems. There is nothing frozen in the fountain; the water in it is always moving, thrown out with extraordinary pressure. Like the stream of a fountain, human thought is in constant motion, in a constant search for truth.
In the poem “Fountain”, Tyutchev, conveying with stunning power the rebellious element of the human soul, concisely, sharply and expressively affirms the idea of the inseparability of human life from the life of the Universe.
Look like a living cloud
The shining fountain swirls;
How it burns, how it fragments
There's damp smoke in the sun.
Raising his beam to the sky, he
Touched the treasured heights -
And again with fire-colored dust
Condemned to fall to the ground.About mortal thought water cannon,
O inexhaustible water cannon!
What an incomprehensible law
Does it urge you, does it bother you?
How greedily you strive for the sky!..
But the hand is invisible and fatal
Your beam is persistent, refracting,
Throws down in splashes from a height.
The early period of Fyodor Tyutchev’s work is directly related to landscape poetry. However, unlike his contemporaries such as Afanasy Fet, Tyutchev is trying not only to capture the beauty of the world around him, but also to find a logical explanation for certain phenomena. Therefore, it is not surprising that the poems of the young diplomat, which he publishes under various pseudonyms, are philosophical in nature. However, they also contain a fair amount of romance, because in the first half of the 19th century Tyutchev lived in Europe and met many German poets. Their work has a certain influence on him, and very soon he begins to consider himself one of the representatives of Russian romanticism.
Nevertheless, Tyutchev’s works during this period are distinguished by a certain “down-to-earthness”, because behind the beautiful epithets a deeper meaning is captured. The author constantly draws parallels between man and nature, gradually coming to the conclusion that everything in this world is subject to a single law. A similar idea is key in the poem “Fountain,” written in 1836. Today it is difficult to say exactly how this poem was born. However, it is possible that the author simply observed the fountain, trying to solve its mystery. It is for this reason that the first part of the poem is descriptive and replete with metaphors.
Thus, the poet compares the fountain to a “living cloud” that “whirls” like smoke, but at the same time shimmers in the sun with all the colors of the rainbow. However, the poet is interested not so much in the beauty of the fountain as in the force that makes the water stream rise up to a certain limit. Then, according to the poet, from the point of view of a simple man in the street, something completely incomprehensible happens, since some invisible force returns the flow of water, which “is condemned to fall to the earth like fire-colored dust.”
Of course, no one has canceled the laws of physics, and finding an explanation for such a phenomenon is not difficult. However, Tyutchev is not going to do this, because he does not want to deprive himself of that elusive charm that the most ordinary person gives him. Under the measured murmur of water, the poet tries to comprehend the essence of things and comes to very unexpected conclusions, which he sets out in the second part of his poem.
In it, he finds an undeniable similarity between a fountain, which he calls an “inexhaustible water cannon,” and a person whose life is so reminiscent of a stream of water. Indeed, starting our earthly journey, each of us climbs up an invisible ladder. Some people do it slowly and hesitantly, while for others such an ascent can be compared to a powerful stream of a fountain released under pressure. Addressing an invisible interlocutor, the poet notes: “How greedily you strive for the sky!” However, sooner or later the moment comes when a person’s strength runs out and life turns back. “But the invisible hand of your fatal beam, refracting, throws you down in splashes from above,” the author emphasizes. At the same time, he is aware that almost all people go through this life milestone. Therefore, their resemblance to fountains seems undeniable to Tyutchev. And such conclusions only convince the poet that both living and inanimate nature are subject to a single force, which governs the world at the highest level. We can only obey, because everything has long been predetermined. You can try to reach invisible heights or consider yourself invincible, but sooner or later the moment will still come when the period of ascent gives way to fall. And the faster a person rose up, the faster he would fall, like the spray of a fountain.
