Phraseologisms in fiction
I believe:
under one star
You and I were born.
(Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. “To Countess Rostopchina”)
Nikolai Matveevich was distinguished by his superstition. He usually went out hunting or fishing early in the morning. This was done with the goal that - God forbid - some womandidn't cross the road.
Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak. "Green Mountains"
In a time of darkness and sadness.
How the Russian people were silent,
Voice in the wilderness
One was heard in a foreign land.
Nikolai Platonovich Ogarev. Preface to Herzen's "Bell"
He received a pension (one hundred and fifty francs) for being wounded in the war, and these pennies allowed him not to rush headlong on too risky ventures.
Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy. "An Incident on Basseynaya Street"
If they talk like that, we will do it ourselves turn from the gate .
Elizar Yurievich Maltsev. "From the heart"
Wikipedia. org
razumniki. ru
dictionary. yandex. ru›TSB› Phraseology
Phraseological synonyms -these are phraseological units that have similar meanings.
“experienced” - shot sparrow, poisoned wolf, grated kalach, ate a dog;
“smart” - a bright head, a chamber of intelligence, a head on the shoulders, seven spans in the forehead;
“cry” - shed tears, shed tears, roar roaring, let out a nurse;
“necessarily” - no matter what,
no matter what it takes, at any cost, even
die, even crack, nosebleed.
Phraseological antonyms - phraseological units with opposite meanings.
the cat cried (“little”) - at least a dime a dozen (“a lot”);
rolling up his sleeves (“diligently” - after his sleeves “carelessly”);
by leaps and bounds (“fast”) - at a snail’s pace (“slowly”);
soul to soul (“friendly”) - like a cat and a dog (“in constant quarrel, enmity”).
Phraseological homonyms- phraseological units identical in composition,
but not related in meaning
to point 1 - “precisely, thoroughly, down to the smallest details (to know)”;
to point 2 - “to despair, to hopelessness (to reach).”
“Phraseological units contain the soul and wisdom of the Russian people.”
Performed:
Supervisor:
Frafrazeo
Phraseologisms
Russian origin
bring to clean water(whom) - “to expose, solve a crime”;
down in the mouth- “dull, sad person”;
went through fire, water and copper pipes- “about an experienced, experienced person” ;
rake in the heat with someone else's hands-
“to use the result of someone else’s labor”;
two boots pair, made for one last- “identical, similar”;
ate too much henbane– “to do stupid things”;
like looking into the water– “correctly predict future events”
Phraseologisms
Old Slavonic origin
to contribute- “to take part in some matter to the best of your ability”;
antediluvian times– “prehistoric times”;
manna from heaven– “unexpected luck, wonderful help”;
until the second coming- “wait indefinitely”
Phraseologisms- These are stable expressions with independent meaning. Each individual word has lost its original meaning. They acquired a completely different, common meaning for them.
(dictionary by S. I. Ozhegov)
Signs of phraseological units:
1) in a sentence they are one member(subject, predicate, definition, etc.), due to similarity in grammatical reference to any part of speech: not of this world(adj.); Procrustean bed(noun); to the fullest(adv.); holy priests!(int.);
2) phraseological units are used figuratively(for example, in the meaning of “grated kalach” - there is no shabby kalach, but there is a meaning - experienced in some matter);
3) phraseological units into other languages are not translated literally– they must be replaced with phraseological units corresponding in meaning and stylistic coloring, existing in the language into which the translation is being made.
Types of phraseological units
from a stylistic point of view
1. Neutral – used in all styles of speech : a vicious circle, a just cause, live out your life, with a sinking heart, know your worth, a play of imagination, come to consciousness.
2. Books – used in book styles, mainly in written speech : probe the waters, follow in the footsteps, tempt fate, disappear from the face of the earth, Egyptian execution, stumbling block, Augean stables.
3. Conversational – used primarily in oral communication : live happily, behind seven locks, the eye rejoices, as if on pins and needles, through teeth, the first pancake is lumpy, seven Fridays a week.
4 . Vernacular – differ from colloquial ones by lowering, rudeness : on Kudykina Mountain, make a mistake, fool your head, it’s a trifle, get to the point.
Phraseologisms
literary origin
I didn't even notice the elephant(I. Krylov) - “not to notice the main thing”;
to grandfather's village(A.P. Chekhov) - “a message to nowhere, without an address, inaccuracy, ambiguity”;
stigma in fluff (in fluff)(I.A. Krylov) - “to be involved in an unseemly act, action, event”;
shoe a flea(N.S. Leskov) - “show skill, extraordinary invention in any matter”;
and Vaska listens and eats(I.A. Krylov) - “one speaks, and the other does not pay attention to him”;
sharing the skin of an unkilled bear(J. Lafontaine) - “denotes unfounded hopes.”
Phraseologisms from the myths of Ancient Greece
ride Pegasus -"start writing poetry"
gifts of the Danaans -"gifts that are disastrous for the recipient"
Types of dictations
(memo for Russian language lessons)
Compiled by : teacher of Russian language and literature
Kurbangalieva O.D.
Dictation is one of the effective forms
control and assimilation of knowledge and skills by students,
helping to improve their literacy.
year 2014
Precautionary dictation using an algorithm.(Spelling personal endings of verbs)
Goal: to learn the logical structure of the new rules, the ability to work with the algorithm.
You are a lot you decide tasks. Will knock carefully out the window. First sheet smells Earth. Easily breathing in the homeland.
Precautionary dictation using tables.
Goal: consolidate and generalize students’ knowledge.
Smells There are bird cherry trees in the garden. Horse jumps on loose arable land. I can hear Birdsong. Occasionally rises light wind. The reeds sway slightly by the river.
Letter dictation.
Goal: to develop thinking, writing speed, and the ability to check several spellings at the same time.
Assignment: indicate the gender of indeclinable nouns
Highway, subway, coffee, avenue, relay, tulle, piano, taxi, cocoa, kohlrabi.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
s s m f s m m s s f
Sign dictation
Goal: develop thinking, writing speed
Task: indicate in which word there is no (+) prefix, in which there is a particle (-)
A small bush, not a big one, but a small house, an uninteresting interlocutor, unworthy behavior, inexpensive, but a beautiful chintz, far from beautiful in appearance, invisible to the eye, did not do the job without doing evil, not a beautiful bud at all.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
+ - + + + - + - - -
Graphic dictation.
Goal: to develop abstract thinking abilities, the ability to see the structure of a sentence.
1) There were white, green, orange sheets on the table.
2) Pale, dim stars were barely visible in the sky.
3) The birds flew in and filled the forest with their singing.
4) In the steppe, along the roads, across the river - everywhere it was empty.
5) Small, but remote.
1) [O, O, O]. 2) [Oh, Oh]. 3) [O and ].
4) [O, O, O - O]. 5) [Oh, yes Oh].
Explanatory dictation
Goal: to develop the ability to think logically, to apply practical knowledge of the theory of one or more spellings.
Task: place punctuation marks, explain their placement.
The road was covered with snow, and we were advised to spend the night in the village. We need to catch the hour when the slanting rays of the sun begin to pierce the forest. In the place where the sun had set, the sky still glowed with crimson stripes. Talent has this precious property that it cannot lie.
Selective dictation
Goal: to develop logical thinking, the ability to highlight a given spelling.
Assignment: write down the numbers of sentences with introductory words in the left column, and without them in the right column.
Unfortunately, I can't come. Unfortunately, there was more frustration. The train is rushing me towards happiness. Fortunately, the river is deep throughout its entire length. The truth does not burn in fire and does not drown in water. He, however, soon realized this.
Dictation with clapping
Goal: to develop attention and auditory memory.
Assignment: Use cotton to highlight words that are written with a hyphen.
Half a stall, half a sky, half a school, half an Astana, half a minute, half an equator, half a cloud, half a briefcase, half an earth, half a needle.
Mini and maxi dictations
Purpose: to test spelling and punctuation knowledge and skills.
Assignment: Explain the spelling n And nn in different parts of speech.
There were a lot of mushrooms growing in the ruts of the untraveled road. His falcon eyes are burning, they are looking intently at the guardsman. The huge flywheel was spinning furiously. She was wearing a knitted sweater and a blue skirt. The evening was windless and hot.
Control dictation
Purpose: to test the knowledge and skills acquired while studying the topic.
Text from the collection.
Vocabulary dictation with generalizationGoal: to develop awareness of the general patterns underlying a number of spellings, common features characteristic of a certain group of spellings
Assignment: write down the words in 3 columns:
1) vowels, checked by stress;
2) the spelling of vowels is checked by the rule;
3) unverifiable vowels.
Fusion, sprout, spring, addition, addition, fashionable, picture, ship, plant, bucket.
Visual dictation
I approached a steep cliff. A wonderful picture unfolded before me. An enormous distance could be seen. Endless fields stretch to the horizon.
Self-dictation.
Goal: to develop spelling vigilance, visual memory, attention.
Text from the book.
Creative dictation
Goal: repeat and generalize the spelling of certain spellings.
Assignment: replace the highlighted words with synonyms with prefixes z-, s-
Rooks for a long time went(walked) around the yard and began to build nests in the birch grove. Starlings too moved(located) closer to human habitation. Father reported(said) that he saw a flock of swans.
Dictation “Test yourself”
Goal: to promote the development of spelling vigilance and a critical attitude towards one’s own work.
A person realizes himself and confirms himself by deeds. Therefore, the choice of business is the choice of fate. The path to the greatness of a person lies in his highest recognition, which is expressed in one thing: work, work, work.
CMM blocks
In each block of 4 options, one essay topic 15.3 is given, reflecting the key word-concepttext for presentation .
Composition of an essay-reasoning
1. Introduction. Thesis.
Statement of the definition and commentary on it.
2. Main part. Proof.
Two example arguments.
3. Conclusion. Conclusion.
Each part of the essay is written on a red line.
Evaluation criterion
S1K4 Compositional harmony of work
The work is characterized by compositional harmony and completeness; there are no errors in the construction of the text -2 b.
The work is characterized by compositional harmony and completeness,
But
One mistake was made in the construction of the text -1 b.
There were two or more errors in the construction of the text in the work -0 b.
Introduction. Thesis
According to the terms of the assignment asthesisLet's take the formulated definition.
There are differentways of interpretation lexical meaning of the word.
1. Conceptual
Friendship is a selfless personal relationship between people based on love, trust, sincerity, mutual sympathy, common interests and hobbies.
2. Synonymous
Humanity - This is humanity, philanthropy.
3. Descriptive
Good – everything is positive, good, useful.
4. Combined
Compassion – This pity, sympathy caused by the misfortune or misfortune of another person or animal.
A comment
This definition is neededcomment,i.e. give an explanation, explanatory notes.
The meaning of the commentis to show the importance, relevance, vitality, and moral validity of the ethical concept.
For example:Humanity is a moral quality that presupposes respect and sympathy for people, benevolence and tolerance. There is already enough evil in the modern world; people need to be more attentive and kinder to each other.
Evaluation criterion
S3K1 Interpretation of the meaning of the word
The examinee (in one form or another in any part of the essay) gave a definition and commented on it -2 b.
The examinee (in one form or another in any part of the essay) gave a definition,
But didn't comment on it -1 b.
The examinee gave an incorrect definition
or
there is no interpretation of the word in the examinee’s work –0 b.
Transition to reasoning
To tieintroduction to the main part can be done using such speech cliches:
Let's try to understand the meaning of this concept.
How can we understand this definition?
Let's try to explain this definition.
Main part. Arguments
In the main partis arguedthesis.
It is necessary to give 2 example arguments
1) from the specified text;
2) from life experience (an incident that actually took place in the author’s life; eyewitness testimony, etc.).
Examples should
correspond to this concept;
illustrate this definition.
Including Examples
To enableThe following speech clichés can be used in writing example arguments:
To confirm what has been said, let us turn to the text ( author ).
This concept can be illustrated using the example of text ( author ).
The sentence ... confirms the idea that ... .
Examples ( concept ) can be found in life.
This definition can be proven with the following example.
To support this, I will also give an example from life.
Evaluation criterion
C3K2 Availability of example arguments
The examinee gave two example arguments: one example argument was given from the text he read, and the second from life experience.
or
The examinee gave two example arguments from the text he read -3 b.
The examinee gave one example-argument from the text he read -2 b.
The examinee gave an example(s)-argument(s) from life experience–1 b.
The examinee did not give a single example-argument -0 b.
Conclusion. Conclusion
The conclusion, like the introduction, should not exceed the volume of the main part of the essay.
Taskconclusions - to summarize, to summarize what has been said.
The conclusion must be logically connected with the previous presentation and should not contradict the thesis and arguments in meaning.
Start conclusionmaybe in introductory words
means, therefore, therefore, in this way
or speech cliches
we came to the conclusion, summing up, drawing conclusions from the above etc.
Evaluation criterion
S3K3 Semantic integrity, speech coherence and sequence of composition
The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, verbal coherence and consistency of presentation:
– there are no logical errors, the sequence of presentation is not broken;
– there are no violations of paragraph division of the text in the work -2b.
The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency of presentation,
But
one logical error was made,
and/or
There is one violation of paragraph division of the text in the work -1 b.
The examinee’s work reveals a communicative intent,
But
more than one logical error was made,
and/or
There are two cases of violation of paragraph division of the text -0 b .
About handwriting
Rememberwhat tasks1 (exposition) and15 (essay) will be checked by experts, so try to write not onlycompetently, but alsoneatly, legiblyso that what is written can be read without difficulty.
Used sources
Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades: textbook. for general education institutions / V.V. Babaytseva, L.D. Chesnokova. – M.: Bustard, 2014. – 319 p.
OGE 2015 Russian language. Standard exam options / Ed. I. P. Tsybulko. – M.: National Education, 2014. – 240 p.
(Project of a demonstration version of CMM OGE-9 2015)
Good luck on the exam!
teacher of Russian language and literature
Municipal educational institution No. 25, Kursk station
State final certification
Main state exam
In Russian
Writing Tips
essays-reasonings
Task 15.3
