This video lesson will help in independent study of the topic “Dimensions of the territory and physical-geographical position (FGP) of Russia”, which is included in the school geography course for the 8th grade. The teacher suggests starting to study a geographical object with its territorial location. Next, he talks about the size of the territory of Russia and its main features.
Topic: Geographical location of Russia
Lesson: Dimensions of territory and physical-geographical location (FGP)
Russia ranks first in the world in terms of area, which is 17.075 million km², which is approximately 1/7 of the entire inhabited landmass.
Russia is larger in area than all European states combined. In terms of territory, Russia is rather comparable not with individual states, but with entire continents. The area of Russia is larger than the area of Australia and Antarctica and is only slightly smaller than South America (18.2 million km2). Russia is 1.6-1.8 times larger in area than the largest states in the world - Canada, the USA and China, and 29 times larger than the largest state in Europe - Ukraine. And such states as Belgium will fit as many as 560. (see Fig. 1)
Rice. 1. The size of Russia compared to Australia
Such large dimensions are predetermined by the large extent of Russia from north to south, approximately 4,000 km and from west to east, approximately 10,000 km.
In the Kaliningrad region, on the sandy Baltic spit of the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea lies the westernmost point of our country. But due to the fact that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of Russia by the territory of other states ( enclave), it turned into a kind of “island” point. (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10)
Rice. 9. Extreme western point of Russia
Rice. 10. Map of the Gulf of Gdansk ()
The main territory of Russia begins almost 500 km to the east. The extreme western point of the compact territory of Russia lies just north of the point where the borders of three states meet: Russia, Latvia and Estonia, on the border with Estonia, on the banks of the Pededze River (a second-order right tributary of the Daugava). (see Fig. 11)
Rice. 11. The westernmost point of the compact territory of Russia
Russia is located in two parts of the world: in the east of Europe and in the north of Asia, that is, it occupies the northeastern edge of Eurasia. The border between parts of the world within Russia is drawn along the Urals and the Kuma-Manych depression. Accordingly, only a little more than 1/5 of the country’s area (about 22%) belongs to Europe, but more often, when speaking about European Russia, they mean the entire territory lying west of the Urals (about 23% of the area). In any case, the Asian part of Russia accounts for over 3/4 of the country .(see Fig. 12)
Rice. 12. Russia’s position in Europe and Asia
To this day, near the railways and highways crossing the Ural Mountains, there are old stone obelisks or modern lightweight memorial signs “Europe-Asia”.
In Tuva, near Kyzyl, is the geographical center of Asia.
Rice. 13. Obelisk "Center of Asia" in Tuva ()
In Siberia, on Lake Vivi (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Evenki District) is the geographical center of Russia.
Rice. 14. Geographical center of Russia ()
Russia is washed by the waters of three oceans: the Arctic in the north, the Atlantic in the west, and the Pacific in the east. Due to the peculiarities of the country's topography and atmospheric circulation, the greatest influence on the climatic conditions of Russia is exerted by the Atlantic and cold Arctic oceans.
But despite the fact that our country is washed by the waters of three oceans and has one of the longest sea borders, it can be considered an inland state, since 2/3 of the territory is more than 500 km away from the sea, whereas in Europe the distance from the seas does not exceed 500 km.
It should be emphasized that the peculiarities of the natural and geographical position of Russia, to a large extent, adversely affect the life and activities of its population. The combination of the huge size of the country and the northern latitudinal position determined the low density of population and economic activity in most of the territory of Russia.
Russia is the largest country in the world by area.
The huge size of the territory predetermined the significant diversity of nature.
Russia is a northern country.
There are objective difficulties for life, economic activity and defense of the country.
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“Geographical location” as a concept is found in many sciences and it plays a huge role. The characteristics of climatic conditions, flora and fauna directly depend on the geographical location. The economic activity of society is also dependent on this concept.
Geographic location refers to the location of various geographic objects in terms of their relationship to other geographic locations.
It consists of such elements as:
In this article it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of the physical and geographical position of the Russian Federation. There are specific plans with which you can characterize the physical-geographical position of all localities (FGP).
Based on this algorithm, it is possible to characterize the characteristics of Russia.
It is located in the northeastern part of the Eurasian continent. Russia is simultaneously located in two different parts of the world - in the north of Asia and in the eastern part of Europe. The extreme points in the north and east of the country are considered the extreme points of the entire continent.
The geographical center of Asia is located on the territory of the Russian Federation. It is located on the coast of the Yenisei River, the city of Kyzyl. The Arctic Circle also crosses the state's terrain. About 20% of all lands are located in polar latitudes. The main territory is located between 50 and 70 degrees, moderate latitudes. Based on this, we can conclude that most of the country is accustomed to a temperate climate with a constant change of seasons.
This part of the world is located directly north of the equator. In the eastern part (Chukotka) the area is intersected by the 180th meridian. Russia is located simultaneously in the western and eastern hemispheres. The eastern part is larger.
The area of the state occupies about 17,000,000 sq. km. This is the largest area of any European country. It is similar in scale to South America, whose area has reached 18,000,000 sq km.
Such boundaries are most pronounced in the east and north. These include the coasts of the Pacific and Arctic seas. In the south, southwest, and west there are no clear physical-geographical boundaries, only the Main Range in the Caucasus. In Siberia, the natural border with the southern countries is along the mountain system of Transbaikalia and Central Asia. If we talk about the coastline, it is quite rugged along its entire length.
The borders of the state have been formed over a long history. The extreme eastern and northern points are clearly visible in the territory. The southern and western ones have become visible only recently. The reason lies in the fact that the extreme points between the republics of the USSR were only administrative in nature and were considered formal borders. When the Soviet Union collapsed, it was necessary to organize a huge organizational, geodetic and political work to determine the specific boundaries of the state.
At the present stage, there are such extreme points of the Russian Federation:
If we take into account the distance between all boundaries, we get the following final result:
These data influence the formation of climate at one latitude. Since the state extends significantly from the western part to the east, this causes differences in time in different parts of Russia.
From the eastern border on Ratmanov Island and the northern extreme point on the Rybachy Peninsula directly to the North Pole, the border of the country's Arctic possessions runs along the meridians.
Not a single state in the world can compare with the Russian Federation in terms of its physical and geographical location.
This video lesson will help in independent study of the topic “Dimensions of the territory and physical-geographical position (FGP) of Russia”, which is included in the school geography course for the 8th grade. The teacher suggests starting to study a geographical object with its territorial location. Next, he talks about the size of the territory of Russia and its main features.
Topic: Geographical location of Russia
Lesson: Dimensions of territory and physical-geographical location (FGP)
Russia ranks first in the world in terms of area, which is 17.075 million km², which is approximately 1/7 of the entire inhabited landmass.
Russia is larger in area than all European states combined. In terms of territory, Russia is rather comparable not with individual states, but with entire continents. The area of Russia is larger than the area of Australia and Antarctica and is only slightly smaller than South America (18.2 million km2). Russia is 1.6-1.8 times larger in area than the largest states in the world - Canada, the USA and China, and 29 times larger than the largest state in Europe - Ukraine. And such states as Belgium will fit as many as 560. (see Fig. 1)
Rice. 1. The size of Russia compared to Australia
Such large dimensions are predetermined by the large extent of Russia from north to south, approximately 4,000 km and from west to east, approximately 10,000 km.
In the Kaliningrad region, on the sandy Baltic spit of the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea lies the westernmost point of our country. But due to the fact that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of Russia by the territory of other states ( enclave), it turned into a kind of “island” point. (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10)
Rice. 9. Extreme western point of Russia
Rice. 10. Map of the Gulf of Gdansk ()
The main territory of Russia begins almost 500 km to the east. The extreme western point of the compact territory of Russia lies just north of the point where the borders of three states meet: Russia, Latvia and Estonia, on the border with Estonia, on the banks of the Pededze River (a second-order right tributary of the Daugava). (see Fig. 11)
Rice. 11. The westernmost point of the compact territory of Russia
Russia is located in two parts of the world: in the east of Europe and in the north of Asia, that is, it occupies the northeastern edge of Eurasia. The border between parts of the world within Russia is drawn along the Urals and the Kuma-Manych depression. Accordingly, only a little more than 1/5 of the country’s area (about 22%) belongs to Europe, but more often, when speaking about European Russia, they mean the entire territory lying west of the Urals (about 23% of the area). In any case, the Asian part of Russia accounts for over 3/4 of the country .(see Fig. 12)
Rice. 12. Russia’s position in Europe and Asia
To this day, near the railways and highways crossing the Ural Mountains, there are old stone obelisks or modern lightweight memorial signs “Europe-Asia”.
In Tuva, near Kyzyl, is the geographical center of Asia.
Rice. 13. Obelisk "Center of Asia" in Tuva ()
In Siberia, on Lake Vivi (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Evenki District) is the geographical center of Russia.
Rice. 14. Geographical center of Russia ()
Russia is washed by the waters of three oceans: the Arctic in the north, the Atlantic in the west, and the Pacific in the east. Due to the peculiarities of the country's topography and atmospheric circulation, the greatest influence on the climatic conditions of Russia is exerted by the Atlantic and cold Arctic oceans.
But despite the fact that our country is washed by the waters of three oceans and has one of the longest sea borders, it can be considered an inland state, since 2/3 of the territory is more than 500 km away from the sea, whereas in Europe the distance from the seas does not exceed 500 km.
It should be emphasized that the peculiarities of the natural and geographical position of Russia, to a large extent, adversely affect the life and activities of its population. The combination of the huge size of the country and the northern latitudinal position determined the low density of population and economic activity in most of the territory of Russia.
Russia is the largest country in the world by area.
The huge size of the territory predetermined the significant diversity of nature.
Russia is a northern country.
There are objective difficulties for life, economic activity and defense of the country.
Homework
Problem books
Other lessons on this topic
learn more
Introduction.
Natural and climatic conditions
The territory of the institution is located in a temperate foothill agroclimatic region. This area is characterized by unstable winters, with significant temperature fluctuations, the minimum temperature drops to -12 0 - 18 0 C. Hot summers with elevated temperatures, the maximum temperature rises to + 35 0 +39 0 C. In the area where the institution is located, the number of days with wind above 10 m/sec during the winter and spring period (January - April), is 25-30 days; above 5 m/sec - 58-60 days. The frost-free period lasts 6 months or 190 days. The number of days with snow is 40-45 days. The total height of snow cover is 20-25 cm. The date of the first (autumn) frost is November 10 and the last (spring) frost is April 15. In January 2006, the temperature reached -26 0 C for 8 days, as a result of which agricultural products, especially horticulture and table grapes, froze in places.
There is little precipitation, 400-450 mm per year. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs in the summer-autumn period, despite this it is insufficient due to strong evaporation as a result of high temperatures, since the sum of active temperatures (above 12 0 C is 190 or more days). The main factor is moisture, which determines the yield of agricultural crops.
In winter and spring, northeast winds predominate, in summer, south and southwest winds. The highest wind speeds are reached in the spring (March - April), which allows rapid evaporation of moisture and drying of the soil.
Groundwater occurs at varying depths and the degree of mineralization is average. The soils are quite suitable for growing annual and perennial plants.
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………...2
1. Atmospheric pressure and wind……………………………………………………………...3
1.1 Atmospheric pressure…………………………………………….……
2. Temperature regime of the atmosphere …………………………………………...
2.1Average air temperature……………………………………………...
2.2 Extreme air temperatures……………………………………..
3.Air humidity……………………………………………………….……
3.1Water vapor pressure……………………………………………..……..
3.2.Relative air humidity………………………………………………………...
4.Atmospheric precipitation………………………………………………………………………………
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….
Under climate , in the narrow sense of the word, or local climate , understand the totality of atmospheric conditions over a long period, characteristic of a particular place depending on its geographical situation. The geographical situation means not only the location of the area, i.e. latitude, longitude and altitude above sea level, but also the nature of the earth's surface, orography, soil cover, etc. Within the range of several tens to several hundred years, the local climate has a certain stability and is one of the physical and geographical characteristics of the area. However, the local climate is stable if the geographic distribution of climates on the globe, determined by the state of the global climate system, changes relatively little.
The climate of the area is the characteristic long-term weather regime determined by solar radiation, its transformations in the active layer of the earth's surface and the associated circulation of the atmosphere and oceans.
Target: climate study of Samara
At the same time, the following were decided tasks :
1) study of literature
2) collection and processing of material
3) analysis of the results obtained
The analysis was carried out based on physical-geographical position, soil and air temperature, wind speed, partial pressure of water vapor, relative humidity, precipitation, and atmospheric phenomena (fog, thunderstorms, blizzards).
Physical-geographical location is the spatial location of any area (country, region, settlement or any other object) in relation to physical-geographical data (equator, prime meridian, mountain systems, seas and oceans, etc. ).
Accordingly, the physical-geographical location is determined by: geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude), absolute height relative to sea level, proximity (or remoteness) to the sea, rivers, lakes, mountains, etc., position in the composition (location) of natural ( climatic, soil-vegetative, zoogeographical) zones.
The Samara region is located in the southeast of the East European Plain, in the central part of Russia, 1000 km from Moscow in the middle reaches of the Volga River on both its banks, where it makes an arched bend - the Samara Luka. It is divided into right-bank and left-bank parts.
The right bank is occupied by the Volga Upland, crossed by ravines and gullies. In the northern part of Samarskaya Luka there are the Zhiguli Mountains (height up to 370 m). On the left bank, in the north-west, there is the Low Trans-Volga region, in the north-east - the High Trans-Volga region (Sokoli, Kinelskie Yary). In the south there is a gently undulating plain (Middle Syrt, Kamenny Syrt), passing in the southeast into General Syrt.
The length of the region from north to south is 335 km, from west to east - 315 km. Occupies an area of 53.6 thousand square meters. km. This is 0.3% of the total area of Russia. It borders with the Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Orenburg regions and the Republic of Tatarstan.
Samara is located on the bend of the Samara Luka, on the left bank of the Volga River, between the mouths of the Samara and Sok rivers. The length in the meridian direction is 50 km, in the latitudinal direction - 20 km. Geographic coordinates are 53°12" north latitude and 50°06" east longitude. The area of the city is about 465.97 km².
The city is located on new formations that lie on Permian rocks. On the Volga side, sandy soils predominate, while on the Samara River side, clay soils predominate.
In the north of the city are the Sokoly Mountains. The maximum peak of Mount Tip-Tyav is 286 meters.
". This is a very important concept. The characteristics of the climate, flora and fauna depend on the geographical location. The nature of human economic activity also depends on this.
Definition 1
Geographical position– is the position of any geographical object relative to other geographical data.
The concept of “geographical location” includes the following components:
In this article we will try to consider the features of the physical and geographical position of Russia. There is a certain plan for characterizing the physical-geographical position (PGP) of any territory.
Based on this algorithm, we will characterize the features of Russian FGP.
Russia lies in the northeast of Eurasia. It is simultaneously located in two parts of the world - in eastern Europe and northern Asia. Its northernmost point and its easternmost point are simultaneously the extreme points of the Eurasian continent.
On the territory of Russia there is geographical center of Asia. It is located on the banks of the Yenisei River, in the city of Kyzyl (the capital of Tuva). Passes through the country Arctic Circle. About $20$% of the territory lies in polar latitudes. The bulk of the country's area lies between $50^\circ$ and $70^\circ$ s. sh.. This is temperate latitudes. This means that most of Russia is characterized by a temperate climate and changing seasons.
Russia is located (like all of Eurasia) north of the equator. In the east (through Chukotka), its territory is crossed by the $180$ meridian. This means that Russia lies simultaneously in the eastern and western hemispheres. Most of the territory is in the eastern hemisphere.
The area of Russia is about $17$ million $km^2$. This exceeds the area of all other European countries combined. You can compare the area of Russia with such a continent as South America, the area of which is $18$ million $km^2$.
The natural boundaries of the country are clearly defined in the north and east. These are the coasts of the seas of the Arctic and Pacific oceans. In the west, southwest and south there are no clearly defined physical and geographical boundaries (mountains, rivers), except for the Main Range in the Caucasus. In Siberia, the border with its southern neighbors runs along the mountain system of Central Asia and Transbaikalia. The coastline along its entire length is very rugged.
Russia's borders have been formed over centuries of history. The extreme northern and eastern points are well defined on the terrain. But the western and southern ones have emerged only recently. The reason is that the borders between the union republics in the former USSR were of an administrative nature and were determined very formally. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, a lot of political, organizational and geodetic work had to be carried out to clarify the country's borders.
To date, the following extreme points of Russia have been identified:
If we measure the distance between the extreme points, we get the result:
This influences the formation of climatic differences at the same latitude. The large extent from west to east causes temporary differences in different parts of the country (the presence of time zones).
From the easternmost point on Ratmanov Island and the northernmost point on the Rybachy Peninsula (on the Kola Peninsula) to the North Pole, the border of Russia’s Arctic possessions runs along the meridians.
We see that not a single state in the world can compare with Russia in terms of its physical and geographical location.
