rain cats and dogs – pouring like buckets
face like thunder - darker than a cloud
storm in a teacup - storm in a glass of water, much ado about nothing
chase rainbows – chase the unattainable
lightning-fast - lightning fast
have one "s head in the clouds - soar in the clouds
be snowed under – to be overloaded with work
be under the weather – to be unwell
twist in the wind – to languish
under and cloud – under suspicion
as right as rain - in perfect order
for a rainy day - for a rainy day
bolt from the blue – out of the blue
Goal like a falcon
The expression means extreme poverty, need.
Arshin swallowed
An expression denoting a person standing at attention or adopting a majestic, arrogant pose with a straight back.
Scapegoat
This is the name given to a person who has been given all the blame for some kind of failure or failure.
Screams at the top of Ivanovo
That is, he screams loudly, at the top of his voice, attracting attention.
Clear out these Augean stables
Deal with an incredibly neglected mess of cyclopean proportions.
bosom friend
Now a positive expression denoting a long-time and trusted friend. Previously it was negative, because I meant drinking buddy.
I
It won’t be me if... - I won’t justify my character, myself, my habits, if... It won’t be me if I don’t achieve my goal.
I will give you! (colloquially fam.) - an expression of threat. I'll let you steal apples!
I am for you (those, for you; colloquial) - used to express prohibition, threat. I'll lie on the couch for you!
I you (him, you, them; colloquial) - used to express a threat. Find out this very hour who dared to talk to me, I him! A. Pushkin.
APPLE
The apples have a horse color: with dark round small spots on the fur. Six dapple grays were walking at a fast trot from the Nikolsky Gate. A.N. Tolstoy.
An apple of discord is something that gives rise to a quarrel, discord, an object of contention [in ancient Greek. the myth of the apple presented by Paris to the goddess Aphrodite as a prize for beauty, and which served as the cause of discord between her and the goddesses Hera and Athena]. Among the movables was the famous tarantass, which almost served as a bone of contention between mother and son. M. Saltykov-Shchedrin.
There is nowhere for the apple to fall (colloquial) - (translated) about extreme cramped conditions. There is such a crush that there is no room for an apple to fall. N. Gogol. There were so many people in the church that there was nowhere for an apple to fall. A. Pisemsky.
BERRY
Our (one, our) field berry (colloquial fam.) - similar to someone. or suitable for smb. a person completely his own in spirit and behavior. Both in his position and in his mood, he was our berry. M Gorky.
LANGUAGE
Sticking out your tongue (run) (spacious) - quickly, without taking a breath. He rushed home, sticking out his tongue.
Keep your mouth shut - remain silent, don’t speak when you don’t need to. He knows how to keep his mouth shut.
Long tongue (who has) - (translated) about a talkative person. I don't like long tongues.
To bite your tongue is to refrain from speaking, to remain silent. Then Ivan Ignatich noticed that he had let it slip and bit his tongue. A. Pushkin.
Evil tongues - translation. about gossipers, slanderers, about people who spread malicious rumors about someone/something. Ah, evil tongues are worse than a pistol. A. Griboyedov. All this is said by evil tongues.
Broken tongue - distorted, with an incorrect pronunciation (about language, speech). In broken French, he had difficulty explaining what he needed.
In the language - in your speech, in your words. Why, I’ll tell you straight, should I be so intemperate with my tongue? A. Griboyedov. Sharp on the tongue.
In language - 1) used to denote a strong desire to say, speak out, pronounce something. These objections were on my tongue last spring. M. Saltykov-Shchedrin. There’s a word on the tip of my tongue, I can’t catch it. M. Gorky. 2) in speech, conversation. A drunk has what is on his mind and on his tongue. Proverb.
Common language (with someone - something) mutual understanding between someone - something. Find a common language with colleagues.
Hold your tongue (colloquial) - refrain from speaking, remain silent. Hold your tongue, it's too crowded here.
Swallow your tongue - about a silent person who cannot or does not want to say anything. - Tell me what's on your mind?
Well!.. why did you swallow your tongue? P. Melnikov-Pechersky.
Loose your tongue (colloquial) - 1) (to someone or something) to give an opportunity, encourage or force to talk. Your honey and velvety beer have loosened my tongue today. A.A. Pushkin. An unexpected circumstance happened that loosened his tongue. G. Uspensky. 2) (without additional) start talking, start talking a lot (after silence). It’s true that I loosened my tongue at the wrong time. I. Nikitin.
It came off the tongue - unexpectedly, suddenly become said, pronounced (colloquial). A final, inspired sound escaped his lips. I. Turgenev. The stupid word just rolled out of my mouth. I. Turgenev.
To pull or pull the tongue (colloquial) - to force one to speak, to speak out. No one is pulling your tongue.
A well-hung or hanging tongue about a person who speaks smartly, smoothly, well. He has a good tongue.
A tongue without bones (colloquial translation) - about a person who says unnecessary things. Now your tongue is boneless, now it’s boneless; he keeps on talking and talking. A. Ostrovsky.
The tongue will not dare to say - there is no determination to say. I wouldn't dare tell him now that I love him. L. Tolstoy, How did your tongue turn?
To wag your tongue (scratch, chat, grind; colloquial) - talk (in vain, to no avail, to pass time). Talk with your tongue, but don’t give free rein to your hands. Proverb.
Swallow your tongue - very tasty. They cook great cabbage soup - you'll swallow your tongue. P. Melnikov-Pechersky.
The tongue has loosened - someone (colloquial) - someone. got talking, started talking a lot (after silence). Tongues were loosened and a frank conversation began. Melnikov-Pechersky.
Scratch your tongue (colloquial) - talk in vain, to no avail, to pass time. Are you tired of scratching your tongue yet?
The tongue itches (colloquial) - there is a desire, I want to say, to speak out. My tongue itches to admit everything,
SKIRT
In a skirt (colloquial joke or ironic obsolete) - in a female form (usually equivalent to the word “woman” when applied to a word denoting some kind of profession, occupation, among those considered in bourgeois society to be the exclusive or predominant property of men ). Professor in a skirt (i.e. female professor). Sorry for my frankness, a sparrow can give any philosopher in a skirt ten points ahead. Chekhov.
hold on to whose skirt (colloquial fam. joke) - transl. not to show any independence, to obey someone in everything. What do you thank me for? - Because you don’t overdue, you don’t hold on to a woman’s skirt. L. Tolstoy.
HUMOR
Gallows humor [translation from German. Galgenhumor] (ironic) - jokes, witticisms of a person who is in desperate need of replenishment, who is in danger of death.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
A walking encyclopedia (joking) is a person from whom you can always make inquiries on a wide variety of subjects. We had our own walking encyclopedia in our class.
STAGE
By stage or stage (historical) - under the protection of special escort teams (about the method of transferring those arrested by the police in Tsarist Russia). For lack of legal identity, he was sent to his place of residence. A. Ostrovsky. In stages we lead thieves and convicts in chains. Nekrasov.
STEP
A few (or two, three) steps away - very close, very close. He lives two steps away from us.
At every step - incessantly, every now and then; everywhere, everywhere. Here, at every step, in the face of nature, his soul opened up to peaceful, soothing impressions. Goncharov. There are typos at every turn in this book.
Not one step or not a single step (do not move away, do not let go, etc.) - without leaving even a close distance. We will be with you, not a step away from you. Sukhovo-Kobylin. Sit with the patient day and night, without leaving a single step! A. Pushkin. Now I won’t let her go even one step away from me. A. Ostrovsky.
One step from what to what - transfer. about an easy transition from one thing to another, about a close connection between something. From hatred to love there is only one step, it is known. A. Pushkin. From the great to the ridiculous there is one step. Proverb.
First steps - transfer. initial period in some. activities. First steps in the career field. Achieve success from the first steps.
The first step (to take) is transfer. take the initiative in something, act first. I won't take the first step. L. Tolstoy.
Step by step (obsolete) - slowly, quietly. The animals trudge along step by step, their souls barely holding on. Krylov.
Step by step - gradually, measuredly, steadily. Step by step, the couple reached the descent machine among the crowd. Leukin. Step by step we got to the heart of the matter.
It is impossible (or cannot) take a step without someone - it is impossible (or cannot) be without someone. Without him, Mr. Polutykin could not take a step. Turgenev.
A step not to do for what - not to do anything (to achieve something). Turgenev did not take a step to return the property so illegally taken from him. Grigorovich.
CRAZY
A stray bullet is about a bullet that accidentally hits someone. Chu! long shot... A stray bullet buzzed. Lermontov. Killed by a stray bullet.
Easy money is money obtained without much effort. - I sewed this when I was still in the service. Then I had crazy money. A. Ostrovsky.
A CAP
Without hats (colloquial) - with bare heads. Without hats they crowd at the entrance. A.K. Tolstoy. A thief's hat is on fire - a saying about a guilty person who gives himself away.
Under a red hat - to become a soldier. How long does it take to fall under the red cap?
According to Senka, a hat (colloquial) - he deserves no more than what he has, that’s exactly what he deserves.
Let's throw our hats (colloquial fam.) - an expression of cheeky self-praise towards the enemy, meaning the confidence that the enemy is very easy to defeat. And if he comes to us with a new army, to a hungry land, we will throw our hats at them. A.K. Tolstoy.
Twist your hat - put it on one side in a jaunty manner. Reckless and cheerful, he rides on a black horse, with his arms akimbo and his hat pulled back in a smart manner. Gogol.
To break one's hat - to whom (colloquial) - to bow humbly, ingratiatingly. Men in white shirts broke their hats in front of us. Babel.
To the head (to come, to appear; colloquial) - to the very end, to the end of something. Get dressed, mother, otherwise you’ll come to a head-scratching ceremony. Leskov.
Casual acquaintance (colloquial) - an acquaintance devoid of any intimacy, in which they only bow when they meet. Our acquaintance was casual.
Cap acquaintance (colloquial) - an acquaintance with the Crimea there is only a casual acquaintance. I don’t really know anything about him, he’s just a casual acquaintance.
TEA
For tea (to give, to take; spacious, fam.) - reward for small services (to a doorman, waiter, etc.) in addition to salary.
Tip (give, take) - reward for small services (to a doorman, waiter, etc.) in addition to salary (pre-revolutionary custom). Here's a couple of rubles for your tip. Gogol. I’ll try to give you a tip, maybe I’ll find a room. Leukin.
For a cup of tea (to invite, call, etc.; colloquial) - to visit, to spend time over tea with a treat. In the fall of 1765, Catherine invited the dignitaries closest to the court to a cup of tea. Shishkov.
Tea and sugar or tea and sugar! (colloquially outdated) - greeting, good wishes to those who were caught drinking tea. - Tea and sugar! said Smolokurov, greeting his acquaintance. “You’re welcome for tea,” answered the corpulent, bald merchant. Melnikov-Pechersky.
HOUR
Admiral's hour (joking) - time to drink and have a snack. [From the time of Peter I, when meetings of the admiralty boards ended at 11 a.m. and it was time for lunch.]
For an hour (ironically) - for a short time, temporarily. “A Knight for an Hour” (the title of Nekrasov’s poem). King for a day.
Not by days, but by hours (colloquial) - very quickly, soon. And the child grows there by leaps and bounds. A. Pushkin.
The hour is uneven - used in the meaning. an introductory word to express fear of something. unexpected in the meaning: what if. - That’s it, you know, it’s better to have a receipt. The hour is uneven... anything can happen. Gogol.
From hour to hour (about something expected) - every minute, in the very near future. A thunderstorm could break out any hour now. The entire Korolev family, who had been waiting for their Volodya from hour to hour, rushed to the windows. Chekhov. Any hour now we should have expected Pugachev’s attack. A. Pushkin.
Hour by hour [hour without stroke.] - with each passing hour (to indicate the gradual strengthening or weakening of the degree of something). From hour to hour, danger and work become more dangerous and difficult. A. Pushkin. It doesn't get any easier hour by hour.
QUEEN
Queen of Heaven (obsolete) is one of the names of the Mother of God. A drunkard and a libertine such that the Queen of Heaven would not even bring him. Chekhov.
KINGDOM
Kingdom of heaven to whom (obsolete) - used when mentioning a deceased person, original. like a wish to go to heaven. I had an uncle - may he rest in heaven! Grigorovich.
TSAR
Someone who has a king in his head or with a king (or with his own king) in his head is smart; opposite without a king in my head (colloquial). You can go everywhere. - there would be a king in my head. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Somewhat stupid and, as they say, without a king in his head. Gogol. He liked to present himself more as an executor of someone else's idea than with his own king in his head. Dostoevsky.
Under Tsar Gorokh (joking) - in the immemorial past, a very long time ago. This all happened under Tsar Gorokh.
COLOR
In (in) the color of something (years, strength, etc.) - in the period of full development, blossoming of something. He died in the bloom of better days. Lermontov. Fades in the bloom of youth alive. A. Pushkin.
FLOWERS
These are only (or more) flowers (colloquial) - transl. about the very beginning, the embryo of something, mainly. bad, unwanted. These are flowers, and the berries are ahead. Proverb. - Just wait... These are still flowers, but there will already be berries! Saltykov-Shchedrin. These are just flowers, and the real fruit is ahead. Dostoevsky.
WHOLE
Entirely and completely (new) - the same as entirely, used for greater expressiveness.
In general - in general, without touching on particulars or details. As far as I can tell, (the commissioner) is a rather private person. But overall he seems nice. N. Nikitin.
PRICE
In price - very expensive, very expensive, highly valued. This product is now in price.
A penny is the price of something - 1) about a very cheap thing; 2) transfer about something that has no meaning. Take the money from him, the whole price is worthless to him. A. Ostrovsky.
At an expensive price - transfer. by spending a lot of effort, after a lot of stress, losses. The victory came at a high price.
To know the price of someone or something is peren. be able to appreciate, correctly evaluate someone. Know your worth. Know the price of flattery.
There is no price for someone - 1) about a very expensive thing; 2) transfer About someone of great importance, valuable in some way. relationships. This Annushka was good, submissive, serious - just like her mother. There would be no price for her if she had gotten another husband. Mamin-Sibiryak.
GYPSY
Gypsy sweat (breaks through; jokingly, outdated) - chills, feeling of cold. But as soon as the cold starts, the gypsy sweat will begin to break through. Leukin.
HAM
Hamovo's spawn (despise, abuse, obsolete) - original. was used by people from the privileged classes to designate people from the exploited classes of society and was widely used as a curse word. [After the name of the biblical Ham, the disrespectful son of Noah.] - Why did he file a crime against me? Well, aren't you a boorish brat? Chekhov.
CHARACTER
In whose character - characteristic of someone. It's not in your nature to regret it. Turgenev.
Maintain character (colloquial) - do not reveal weaknesses, remain firm, true to yourself. He remained silent for three days, maintaining his temper.
HATA
My house is on the edge (colloquial) - this doesn’t concern me, it’s a silent matter, I don’t want to deal with anything. Let the one who is to blame answer, my house is on the edge.
GRAB, GRAB
There are not enough stars from the sky (colloquial upon.) - nothing outstanding, modest abilities. He is an experienced engineer, but there are not enough stars in the sky.
Grabbing the head or hair (colloquial) - transl. come to your senses, come to your senses, remembering that something has been done. not this way. After these troubles, he grabbed his head, but it was too late to do anything.
Grab your wits - become smarter, come to your senses. - And now they’ve come to their senses, but it’s too late, my friend: everyone has long known that he is our regimental sharper. L. Tolstoy.
Enough hot to tears (colloquial fam.) - translated. experience something unpleasant.
Grab the quick (colloquial) - greatly excite, excite, touching something. intimate, very dear, important to someone. He touched many people with his story.
Enough (intercept) over the edge (colloquial fam.) - say something. unnecessary, to do something. completely inappropriate. Well, okay, I got excited and went overboard - is it really possible to be angry with an old man? Kuprin.
Grab-praise (spacious) - grabbed, began to look for (something that had disappeared, lost). Grab, grab, no chervonets! Saltykov-Shchedrin. The next morning, praise and praise, there is no Parasha, and that’s enough! Grigorovich.
FACT
The fact is that (colloquial) - the fact is that... [under the influence of the expression “the fact is that” is sometimes wrong, they also say “the fact is that”]. The fact is that I forgot my books at home.
FANFARE
To blow a fanfare [wrong, the interpretation of the word “fanfare” as a “trumpet” in general] (iron.) - translated. make a fuss about something, talk noisily about something, proclaim something.
STYLE
Keep the style (spacious) - put on airs, force yourself. Nervous, keep it in style.
Not a style (spacious) - not suitable, should not be. It's not fashionable to do this.
FERT
stand (look, stare, etc.) with your arms akimbo (so that it looks like the letter “f”), cheekily, brazenly. Hands on hips, look with enthusiasm, look with fervor - we look and just spit. Dostoevsky. The guy is a craftsman - he looks like a devil. Nekrasov.
FIG
To look (look) at a book and see a fig (colloquial fam.) - to understand nothing. I, brother, if it’s written in German, then I look at the book and see a fig. Leukin. Another looks at the matter and sees it as a fig. Saltykov-Shchedrin.
Fig with butter (spacious, fam.) - about the fruitless outcome of something. affairs, requests. You'll get a fig with butter.
Fig leaf - 1) an image of a leaf (originally a fig leaf) in place of the genitals of naked figures in sculpture; 2) transfer a hypocritical cover for deliberately shameless actions and dishonest actions. They cover themselves with fig leaves so that no one notices what is being done behind them. Sheller-Mikhailov.
INCENSE
To smoke or burn incense to someone (book) - translated. flatter, flatteringly praise someone. I smoked incense for others, but I carried you in the shrine of my heart. Baratynsky.
FLAG
To keep (your) flag where (marine) - to have a stay (on some kind of ship). The admiral held the flag on the battleship.
Stay behind the flag - trans. fall behind others, fail to achieve the goal. Auntie completed the difficult mission so quickly and deftly that all the rival parties remained behind the flag. Saltykov-Shchedrin.
Under whose flag (mar.) - having someone on board. (which is indicated by raising a certain flag). The squadron sailed under the flag of the fleet commander.
BACKGROUND
Von Baron (colloquially joked) is an arrogant, arrogant, overly self-important person. What kind of von baron are you that you can’t even say a word?
FRONT
Change the front (book) - change the line of behavior, the direction of activity.
On two fronts - in two directions. You can't work on two fronts. ugh
Fu-you, well-you (colloquial) - 1) used to express surprise (with exclamation intonation). - Fu-you, well-you got scared! Even the veins are shaking. Chekhov. 2) used to express smug satisfaction. - She married a good man and a rich man, and walked like a peahen... Ew, well, well! Is it not living? A. Ostrovsky.
LB
That's a pound! (spacious) - an expression of surprise or disappointment. That's a pound! Was I really that drunk? Leukin.
Not a pound of raisins (colloquial joke) - not a trifle, not a trifle. This is not a pound of raisins!
CASE
Man in a case - trans. a person isolated in a circle of narrow, philistine interests, afraid of any innovations and assessing every matter from an official, formal point of view [from the title of the story. A.P. Chekhov]. It’s not at all interesting to talk to him, he’s a man in a case.
The Russian language is rightfully considered the most perfect, beautiful and rich language in the world, which has absorbed, along with the authentic culture of more than 200 peoples of the Russian world, the best elements of Western and Eastern cultural traditions.
Our language is one of the basic elements of the entire Russian civilization, therefore, in order to be fully considered Russian, we must be able to use it well and master the entire wealth of concepts and expressions of the Russian language no worse than Pushkin, Gogol and Dostoevsky.
We present to your attention the first part of the TOP 50 most interesting phraseological units of the Russian language with their original and current meanings, as well as the history of origin:
1. Goal like a falcon
The expression means extreme poverty, need.
"Falcon"- This is a smoothly planed log of a ram, bound at the end with iron, which could be hand-held or wheeled and was used until the end of the 15th century to break holes in wooden palisades or fortress gates. The surface of this weapon was flat and smooth, i.e. “naked.” The same term also denoted cylindrical tools: iron crowbar, pestle for grinding grain in a mortar, etc.
2. Arshin swallowed
An expression denoting a person standing at attention or adopting a majestic, arrogant pose with a straight back.
Arshin is an ancient Russian measure of length of 71 centimeters, widely used in sewing before the transition to the metric system of measures. Accordingly, craftsmen used wooden or metal yardsticks for measurements. If you swallow one, your posture will probably become phenomenal...
3. Scapegoat
This is the name given to a person who has been given all the blame for some kind of failure or failure.
An expression that goes back to the Bible. According to the ancient Jewish rite, on the day of remission of sins, the high priest placed his hands on the head of the goat and thereby placed on it the sins of the entire people of Israel. Then the goat was taken into the Judean desert and released so that it would forever bear the sins of the Jews.
4. Screams at the top of Ivanovo
The ensemble of Kremlin cathedrals in Moscow is decorated with the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, where all thirty bells were always rung on holidays. The ringing was extremely powerful and carried very far.
5. The Smoking Room is alive!
We remember this expression from the film “The meeting place cannot be changed” and it meant the joy of meeting a person who has gone through serious trials.
In fact, “smoking room” is an ancient children’s game in Rus'. The children sat in a circle and passed a burning torch to each other, saying: “The smoking room is alive, alive! The legs are thin, the soul is short.” The one in whose hands the torch went out left the circle. That is, the “smoking room” is a torch that burned weakly and “smoked” (smoke) in children’s hands.
In relation to a person, the expression was first used by the poet Alexander Pushkin in an epigram to the critic and journalist Mikhail Kachenovsky: “How! Is the Kurilka journalist still alive?..”
6. Clear out those Augean stables
Deal with an incredibly neglected mess of cyclopean proportions.
Goes back to the ancient Greek myths about Hercules. There lived in ancient Elis King Augeas, a passionate lover of horses, who kept three thousand horses in the stables, but did not clean the stalls for 30 years.
Hercules was sent to Augeas' service, to whom the king instructed to clean the stables for one day, which was impossible. The hero thought and directed the river waters into the gates of the stables, which carried out all the manure from there within a day. This act became the 6th labor of Hercules out of 12.
7. Bosom Friend
Now a positive expression denoting a long-time and trusted friend. Previously it was negative, because I meant drinking buddy.
The ancient expression “to pour on the Adam’s apple” meant “to get drunk”, “to drink alcohol.” This is where this phraseological unit was formed.
8. Get into trouble
Find yourself in an extremely uncomfortable or even dangerous position.
A prosak is a drum with teeth in a machine used to comb wool. If you got into a mess, you could easily get hurt and lose your arm.
9. Dirty place
And again, a biblical expression found in psalms and church prayers and denoting paradise, the heavenly kingdom. In secular usage, it acquired a negative connotation - bars, strip clubs, etc. began to be called “hot spots.”
This refers to a place where cereals grow abundantly, from which the main food (bread) is prepared - a fertile field, the basis of prosperity.
10. Like Buridan's donkey
This means a person who is extremely indecisive.
It goes back to the famous example of the 14th century French philosopher Jean Buridan, who argued that people’s actions depend for the most part not on their own will, but on external circumstances. Illustrating his idea, he argued that a donkey, to the left and to the right of which two identical piles would be placed at equal distances, one of which would contain hay and the other would contain straw, would not be able to make a choice and would die of hunger.
11. Reach the handle
Completely descend, lose human appearance and social skills.
In Ancient Rus', kalachi were baked not in round shapes, but in the shape of a castle with a round bow. Townspeople often bought kalachi and ate them right on the street, holding this bow like a hand. At the same time, for reasons of hygiene, the pen itself was not eaten, but was either given to the poor or thrown to the dogs. About those who did not disdain to eat it, they said: they got to the point.
12. Go easy on yourself
Find yourself in an uncomfortable and often shameful position.
In Rus', walking bareheaded in crowded places (excluding temples for men) was considered a disgrace. There was no greater shame for a person than having his hat torn off in a public place.
13. Shabby look
Untidy clothing, unshavenness and other signs of carelessness in appearance.
Under Tsar Peter I, the Yaroslavl linen manufactory of the merchant Zatrapeznikov began operating, producing silk and cloth that were in no way inferior in quality to the products of European workshops.
In addition, the manufactory also produced very cheap hemp striped fabric, which was nicknamed “shabby” after the merchant’s name. She went for mattresses, bloomers, sundresses, women's headscarves, work robes and shirts.
For rich people, a robe made from “shabby” was home clothing, but for the poor, clothes made from this fabric were used “for going out.” A shabby appearance spoke of a person’s low social status.
14. Caliph for an hour
This is what they say about a person who accidentally and briefly finds himself in power.
The expression has Arabic roots. This is the name of the fairy tale from the collection “A Thousand and One Nights” - “A Dream in Reality, or Caliph for an Hour.”
It tells how the young Baghdadian Abu-Ghassan, not knowing that the caliph Harun al-Rashid is in front of him, shares with him his cherished dream - to become a caliph at least for a day. Wanting to have fun, Harun al-Rashid pours sleeping pills into Abu Hassan’s wine, orders the servants to take the young man to the palace and treat him like a caliph.
The joke succeeds. Waking up, Abu Hassan believes that he is the caliph, enjoys luxury and begins to give orders. In the evening, he again drinks wine with sleeping pills and wakes up at home.
15. Knock you down
Make you lose the thread of a conversation, forget about something.
In Greece there is Mount Pantelik, famous in ancient times, where marble was mined for a long time. Accordingly, there were many caves, grottoes and passages, and once there, one could easily get lost.
16. I figured it out
Those. understood what kind of person he was, noticed a deception or discovered a secret.
The expression came to us from those times when coins made of precious metals were in use. The authenticity of the coins was checked by tooth, because precious metals without impurities were soft. If there is a dent on the coin, then it is real, and if not, then it is fake.
17. The voice of one crying in the wilderness
This is what they say about someone whose sound thoughts and warnings they stubbornly refuse to listen to.
A biblical expression with roots in the prophecy of Isaiah and the Gospel of John. The prophets who predicted the imminent coming of the Savior called on the Jews to prepare for this day: to monitor their lives and correct it, becoming pious, and to be attentive to the gospel preaching. But the Jews did not heed these calls and crucified the Lord.
18. Bury talent in the ground
This means not using and not developing God-given abilities.
And again a reference to the Bible. Talent was the name given to the largest weight and monetary unit in Ancient Greece, Babylon, Persia and other regions of Asia Minor.
In the Gospel parable, one of the servants received money from the master and buried it, being afraid to invest it in a business that could bring both profit and loss. Upon the master's return, the servant returned the talent and was punished for the lost time and the profit lost by the master.
19. Tightened the rigmarole
I started some very long task and began to hesitate.
Gimp is the thinnest wire made of precious metals, which acquired rather the properties of a thread and was used to decorate camisoles, uniforms and dresses with beautiful complex patterns. It was necessary to pull the gimp on ever-shrinking jewelry rollers in several passes, which was a long process. Sewing with gimp is even less fast.
20. Brought to white heat
Angered me to the point of fury, uncontrollable rage.
Goes back to blacksmithing. When metal is heated during forging, it glows differently depending on the temperature: first red, then yellow and finally blinding white. At an even higher temperature, the metal will already melt and boil.
21. Soap Opera
This is what they call a television series with a trivial plot.
The fact is that in the 30s in America they began to produce multi-part (at that time still radio) programs for housewives with melodramatic plots. They were created with money from soap and detergent manufacturers, who advertised their products during breaks.
22. Good riddance!
Nowadays this is how they kick out an annoying guest or visitor. Previously, the meaning was the opposite - a wish for a good journey.
In one of Ivan Aksakov’s poems you can read about a road that is “straight as an arrow, with a wide surface that spreads like a tablecloth.” Knowing our spaces, people wanted an unhindered and easy path.
23. Egyptian plagues
Heavy punishments, disasters, torments that have fallen.
Biblical story from the book of Exodus. For Pharaoh’s refusal to release the Jews from captivity, the Lord subjected Egypt to terrible punishments - ten Egyptian plagues: blood instead of water, execution by frogs, an invasion of midges, dog flies, cattle pestilence, ulcers and boils, thunder, lightning and hail fire, an invasion of locusts, darkness and death. firstborn in Egyptian families.
24. Do your bit
Invest part of your labor, skills or money into creating something important, big.
There is a well-known biblical story about two mites of a poor widow, which she donated to the activities of the Jerusalem Temple. The lepta is one of the smallest coins of that time in the Roman Empire. Two mites were the widow’s only money, donating which she remained hungry until the evening. Therefore, her sacrifice turned out to be the largest of all.
25. Sing Lazarus
Beat on the pity, beg, try to play on sympathy.
The parable of the rich man and Lazarus is told by the Savior in the Gospel. Lazarus was poor and lived at the gate of the rich man's house. Lazarus ate the leftover food of the rich man along with the dogs and suffered all sorts of hardships, but after death he went to heaven, while the rich man ended up in hell.
Professional beggars in Russia often begged on the steps of churches, comparing themselves to the biblical Lazarus, although they often lived much better. That's why attempts to make people feel sorry for them are called that way.
Andrey Szegeda
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Phraseologisms
Phraseologisms are stable combinations of words, figures of speech such as: “knuckle down”, “hang your nose”, “ask a headache”... A figure of speech, which is called a phraseological unit, is indivisible in meaning, that is, its meaning does not consist of the meanings of its constituent words. It only works as a single unit, a lexical unit.
Phraseologisms are popular expressions that do not have an author.
The meaning of phraseological units is to give an emotional coloring to an expression and enhance its meaning.
Many phraseological units can be easily replaced with one word:
headlong - quickly,
close at hand - close.
Often a direct expression turns into a figurative one, expanding the shades of its meaning.
Bursting at the seams - from the tailor's speech acquired a broader meaning - to fall into decay.
Confuse - from the speech of railway workers it has passed into general use in the sense of causing confusion.
Examples of phraseological units and their meanings
to beat the knuckles - to mess around
To overeat henbane - to go berserk (applies to people who do stupid things
After the rain on Thursday - never
Anika the warrior - a braggart, brave only in words, far from danger
Give a head wash (bath) - soap your neck, head - strongly scold
A white crow is a person who stands out sharply from the environment due to certain qualities
Living like a Biryuk means being gloomy and not communicating with anyone.
Throw down the gauntlet - challenge someone to an argument, competition (although no one throws down the gloves)
A wolf in sheep's clothing - evil people pretending to be good, hiding under the guise of meekness
Having your head in the clouds - blissfully dreaming, fantasizing about who knows what
The soul sank to the ground - a man who was afraid, afraid
Don't spare your belly - sacrifice your life
Notch it on the nose - remember it firmly
Making a molehill out of a molehill - turning a small fact into a whole event
On a silver platter - get what you want with honor, without much effort
At the edge of the earth - somewhere very far away
In seventh heaven - to be in complete delight, in a state of supreme bliss
You can’t see anything - it’s so dark that you can’t see the paths, paths
To rush headlong - to act recklessly, with desperate determination
Eat a pound of salt - get to know each other well
Good riddance - go away, we can do without you
Roll up your sleeves - work hard, diligently
Phraseologisms with the word “WATER”
A storm in a teacup - big worries over an insignificant reason
It is written with a pitchfork on the water - it is not yet known how it will be, the outcome is not clear, by analogy: “grandmother said in two”
You can't spill water - great friends, about strong friendship
Carrying water in a sieve means wasting time, doing useless things. Similarly: pounding water in a mortar.
He took water into his mouth - he remains silent and does not want to answer
Carry water (on someone) - burden him with hard work, taking advantage of his flexible nature
Bring to light - expose dark deeds, convict in a lie
Get away with it - remain unpunished, without bad consequences
Money is like water - meaning the ease with which it is spent
Blowing on water after being burned by milk means being too careful, remembering past mistakes
How he looked into the water - as if he knew in advance, foresaw, accurately predicted events
How he sank into the water - disappeared, disappeared without a trace, disappeared without a trace
Like being submerged in water - sad, sad
Like water through your fingers - the one who easily escapes persecution
Like two drops of water - very similar, indistinguishable
If you don’t know the ford, don’t go into the water - a warning not to take hasty actions
Like a fish in water - to feel confident, to navigate very well, to understand something well,
Like water off a duck's back - a person doesn't care about anything
A lot of water has passed under the bridge since then - a lot of time has passed
Carrying water in a sieve is a waste of time
The seventh water on jelly is a very distant relationship
Hiding loose ends - hiding traces of a crime
Quieter than water, lower than the grass - behave modestly, unnoticed
Pounding water in a mortar is a useless task.
Phraseologisms with the word “NOS”
It is interesting that in phraseological units the word nose practically does not reveal its main meaning. The nose is an organ of smell, but in stable phrases the nose is associated primarily with the idea of something small and short. Remember the fairy tale about Kolobok? When the Fox needed Kolobok to come within her reach and get closer, she asks him to sit on her nose. However, the word nose does not always refer to the organ of smell. It also has other meanings. To mutter under one's breath - to grumble, grumpily, mutter indistinctly.
Lead by the nose - this phrase came to us from Central Asia. Visitors are often surprised how small children manage to cope with huge camels. The animal obediently follows the child leading him by the rope. The fact is that the rope is threaded through a ring located in the camel’s nose. Here you want it, you don’t want it, but you have to obey! Rings were also put into the noses of bulls to make their disposition more docile. If a person deceives someone or does not fulfill his promise, then he is also said to be “led by the nose.”
To turn one's nose up means to be unjustifiably proud of something, to boast.
Notch on the nose - Notch on the nose means: remember firmly, once and for all. It seems to many that this was said not without cruelty: it is not very pleasant if you are offered to make a notch on your own face. Unnecessary fear. The word nose here does not mean the organ of smell at all, but just a memorial tablet, a tag for notes. In ancient times, illiterate people always carried such tablets with them and made all kinds of notes on them with notches and cuts. These tags were called noses.
Nodding off means falling asleep.
Curious Varvara's nose was torn off at the market - don't interfere in someone else's business.
On the nose - this is how they talk about something that is about to happen.
Don't poke your nose into someone else's business - in this way they want to show that a person is overly, inappropriately curious, interfering in what he shouldn't.
Nose to nose - on the contrary, close.
Keep your nose in the wind - in the glorious times of the sailing fleet, movement on the sea was completely dependent on the direction of the wind and the weather. No wind, calm - and the sails drooped, more like a rag. A nasty wind blows into the bow of the ship - you have to think not about sailing, but about dropping all the anchors, that is, “standing at anchor” and removing all the sails so that the air flow does not throw the ship ashore. To go out to sea, a fair wind was required, which inflated the sails and directed the ship forward into the sea. The vocabulary of sailors associated with this received imagery and entered our literary language. Now “keeping your nose to the wind” - in a figurative sense, means adapting to any circumstances. “Drop anchor”, “become anchored” - stop in motion, settle somewhere; “Sitting by the sea and waiting for the weather” is an inactive expectation of change; “In full sail” - move towards the intended goal at full speed, as quickly as possible; Wishing someone a “fair wind” means wishing them good luck.
Hanging his nose or Hanging his nose - if suddenly a person is depressed or just sad, it happens about him that they say that he seems to be “hanging his nose,” and they can also add: “by a fifth.” Quinta, translated from Latin, means “fifth.” Musicians, or more precisely, violinists, call this the first string of a violin (the highest one). When playing, the violinist usually supports his instrument with his chin and his nose almost touches this string closest to him. The expression “hanging your nose on a fifth,” perfected among musicians, entered fiction.
I was left with my nose - without what I was counting on.
Right under your nose - close.
To show your nose is to tease someone by putting your thumb to your nose and waving your other finger.
With a gulkin's nose - very little (a gulkin is a dove, a dove has a small beak).
To poke your nose into other people's affairs is to be interested in other people's affairs.
To leave with your nose - the roots of the expression “to leave with your nose” are lost in the distant past. In the old days, bribery was very common in Rus'. Neither in institutions nor in court was it possible to achieve a positive decision without an offering, a gift. Of course, these gifts, hidden by the petitioner somewhere under the floor, were not called the word “bribe.” They were politely called "bring" or "nose". If the manager, judge or clerk took the “nose”, then one could be sure that the case would be resolved favorably. In case of refusal (and this could happen if the gift seemed small to the official or the offering from the opposite party had already been accepted), the petitioner went home with his “nose”. In this case, there was no hope for success. Since then, the words “to go away with your nose” have come to mean “to suffer defeat, fail, lose, stumble, without achieving anything.
Wipe your nose - if you manage to surpass someone, they say that you wiped your nose.
To bury your nose is to immerse yourself completely in some activity.
Well-fed, drunk and with tobacco on his nose - means a satisfied and satisfied person with everything.
Phraseologisms with the word “MOUTH, LIPS”
The word mouth is included in a number of phraseological units, the meanings of which are associated with the process of speaking. Food enters the human body through the mouth - a number of stable expressions one way or another indicate this function of the mouth. There are not many phraseological units with the word lip.
You can't put it in your mouth - they say if the food is cooked tasteless.
Lip is not a fool - they say about a person who knows how to choose the best.
Silencing someone means preventing them from speaking.
Porridge in the mouth - a person speaks slurred.
There was no poppy dew in the mouth - this means that the person has not eaten for a long time and needs to be fed urgently.
The milk on the lips has not dried - they say if they want to show that someone is still young and inexperienced.
Taking water into your mouth means silencing yourself.
To pout your lips means to be offended.
To open your mouth is to freeze in amazement at something that has captured your imagination.
Your mouth is full of trouble - they say when there are so many things to do that you don’t have time to cope with them.
A wide open mouth is a sign of surprise.
Phraseologisms with the word “HAND”
To be at hand - to be available, to be in close proximity
Warm your hands - take advantage of the position
To hold in hands - not to give free rein, to hold in strict obedience
As if taken off by hand, it quickly disappeared, passed
Carry in your arms - provide special affection, attention, appreciate, pamper
Working hard - working hard
Turning up your arm means accidentally being nearby
To fall under the hot hand - to run into a bad mood
The hand does not rise - it is in no way possible to perform the action due to an internal prohibition
Hand in hand - holding hands, together, together
Hand washes hand - people connected by common interests protect each other
I can't get my hands on it - I just don't have the energy or time to do anything.
Hands itch - about a great desire to do something
Just a stone's throw away - very close, very close
Grasp with both hands - agree with pleasure with some proposal
To rake in the heat with someone else's hands - to enjoy the fruits of someone else's work
Golden hands - about someone who skillfully, skillfully does everything, copes with any job
Phraseologisms with the word “HEAD”
Wind in the head is an unreliable person.
It slipped my mind - I forgot.
My head is spinning - there are too many things to do, responsibilities, information.
Giving your head to be cut off means promising.
Out of the blue - unexpected.
To fool one's head is to deceive, to divert from the essence of the matter.
Don't lose your head - be responsible for your actions.
Examine from head to toe - everything, carefully, carefully.
Headlong - risky.
If they don't pat you on the head, they'll scold you.
From a sore head to a healthy one - blame someone else.
Upside down - the opposite.
To rack your brains over a task is to think hard.
Headlong - very quickly.
Phraseologisms with the word "EAR"
The word ear is included in phraseological units that are somehow related to hearing. Harsh words primarily affect the ears. In many established expressions, the word ears does not mean the organ of hearing, but only its outer part. I wonder if you can see your ears? Using a mirror in this case is not allowed!
Keep your eyes open - a person is tensely waiting for danger. Vostry is an old form of the word acute.
Prick up your ears - listen carefully. A dog's ears are pointed and the dog erects its ears when listening. This is where the phraseological unit arose.
You can't see your ears - they say about a person who will never get what he wants.
To plunge head over heels into something - they say to a person if he is completely absorbed in some activity. You can be deeply in debt – if there are a lot of debts.
Blushed to the ears - they say when a person is very embarrassed.
Hanging ears - this is what they say about a person who listens to someone too trustingly.
Listening with all your ears means listening carefully.
Listen with half an ear or listen out of the corner of your ear - listen without much attention.
Ears wither - it’s extremely disgusting to listen to anything.
It hurts the ears - they say when something is unpleasant to listen to.
Phraseologisms with the word “TOOTH”
There are quite a large number of stable expressions with the word tooth in the Russian language. Among them there is a noticeable group of phraseological units in which teeth act as a kind of weapon of defense or attack, threat. The word tooth is also used in phraseological units denoting various deplorable human conditions.
To be in the teeth is to impose, to bother.
Armed to the teeth - they say about a person who is dangerous to attack, because he can give a worthy rebuff.
Talking with your teeth is a distraction.
Tit for tat - abusive (tendency to abuse), unyielding, “as it comes back, so it will respond.”
A tooth doesn't touch a tooth - they say if someone is frozen from extreme cold or from trembling, excitement, or fear.
To give a tooth is to mock, to ridicule someone.
To eat with a tooth - to drive, to squeeze.
To bare your teeth is to mock.
Eating teeth means gaining experience.
Scratching your teeth means talking nonsense, nonsense.
Try it on the tooth - find out, try it directly.
Something is too tough for someone - it’s difficult to bite off, it’s beyond your strength, beyond your abilities.
There is nothing to put on the tooth - they say when there is nothing to eat.
Not even a blow - absolutely nothing (not knowing, not understanding, etc.).
To look someone in the mouth is to find out everything about a person.
To raise a tooth is to mock.
Showing your teeth means demonstrating your evil nature, the desire to quarrel, to threaten someone.
Putting your teeth on a shelf means starving when there is no food left in the house.
Speak through teeth - barely open your mouth, reluctantly.
Grit your teeth - do not lose heart, do not despair, start the fight.
To sharpen or have a grudge against someone is to be angry, to strive to cause harm.
Phraseologisms with the word “CHEST, BACK”
The words chest and back are included in oppositely colored phraseological units. However, there are also positively colored phraseological units with the word back.
To stand up or stand with your chest for something - to rise to defense, to defend steadfastly.
Riding on someone's back means achieving your goals by using someone to your advantage.
They bend their back - to work, or to bow.
Hunch your back - work.
To ride on someone's back is to use someone for some of your own purposes.
To do something behind someone’s back - so that he doesn’t see, doesn’t know, secretly from someone.
Place your hands behind your back - cross them at the back.
On your own back (to experience, to learn something) - from your own bitter experience, as a result of troubles, difficulties, adversities that you yourself had to endure.
A knife in the back or a stab in the back is a treacherous, treasonous act, a blow.
Turn your back - leave, leave to the mercy of fate, stop communicating with someone.
To pave the way with one's chest means to achieve a good position in life; he achieves everything through hard work and overcomes all the difficulties that befall him.
Hiding behind someone else's back means shifting your responsibilities or responsibilities onto someone else.
To work without straightening your back is diligent, diligent, hard and hard. They can be used to praise a roughly working person.
Straighten your back - gain self-confidence, cheer up.
Show your back - leave, run away.
To stand behind someone's back is to secretly, secretly lead someone.
Phraseologisms with the word “LANGUAGE”
Language is another word often found in phraseological units, since language is extremely important for a person, it is with it that the idea of the ability to speak and communicate is associated. The idea of speaking (or, conversely, silence) can be traced in one way or another in many phraseological units with the word language.
Running with your tongue out is very fast.
Keep your mouth shut - remain silent, do not say too much; be careful in your statements.
Long tongue - they say if a person is a talker and likes to tell other people's secrets.
How a cow licked it with its tongue - about something that quickly and without a trace disappeared.
Find a common language - achieve mutual understanding.
Step on the tongue - silence.
Hanging your tongue on your shoulder means you are very tired.
To get on the tongue is to become the subject of gossip.
Bite your tongue - shut up, refrain from speaking.
Loosen the tongue - encourage someone to talk; give someone the opportunity to speak.
To loosen one's tongue - without restraining oneself, losing control over oneself, blurting out, saying unnecessary things.
A peck on your tongue is an angry wish to an angry chatterbox.
To pull the tongue is to say something that is not entirely appropriate to the situation.
To shorten the tongue - to make someone silent, to prevent insolence from speaking, unnecessary things.
Scratch your tongue (scratch your tongue) - talk in vain, engage in chatter, talk idle.
To scratch one's tongue is to gossip, slander.
The devil pulled his tongue - an unnecessary word escapes the tongue.
A tongue without bones - they say if a person is talkative.
Your tongue is slurred—you can’t say anything clearly.
The tongue is stuck to the larynx - suddenly become silent, stop speaking.
Swallow your tongue - shut up, stop talking (about someone’s reluctance to talk).
The tongue is well-spoken - they say about a person who speaks freely and fluently.
Phraseologisms with the word “LITTLE”
Almost - about, almost
The spool is small but expensive - value is not determined by size
Small small smaller - one smaller than the other (about children)
The bird is small, but the nail is sharp - insignificant in position, but inspires fear or admiration for its qualities
A small dog until old age, a puppy - a small person always seems younger than his age, does not make a solid impression
You never know - 1. anything, any 2. not significant, not important 3. excitement, what if...
Little by little - slowly, little by little
Slowly - slowly
From young to old - all ages
Little by little (drink) – a little, a small portion
Play small - make a small bet (in games)
From an early age - from childhood
The smallest part is an insignificant part of something.
Correct and appropriate use of phraseological units gives speech special expressiveness, accuracy and imagery.
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Phraseologisms are the national wealth of the language. They enliven speech and make it colorful. Sustained phrases act as an expressive stylistic means. Without them, it is difficult to imagine a text rich in speech patterns. They revive and fill with images, the texts begin to live a new life.
In a work of art - the technique of characterizing the hero, creating a vivid character, spectacular pictures of reality along with metaphors and.
Phraseologism is a ready-made stable speech pattern with a single, holistic meaning. Stability means the relative constancy of the lexical (component) composition.
| Phraseologism | The meaning of phraseology |
| keep a stone in your bosom | bear a grudge against someone |
| how to give something to drink | exactly, undoubtedly |
| bring to a white heat | to a state of intense irritation, anger |
| reach a dead end | find yourself in a bind |
| small fry | a person who has no power or influence |
| wash dirty linen in public | reveal family secrets |
| smoke sky | live in idleness |
| like uncut dogs | a lot of |
| take the bull by the horns | decisively begin an important task |
| digging through dirty laundry | show interest in details of someone's personal life |
| build castles in the air | come up with impossible plans |
| cover your tracks | hide something that could serve as evidence |
| take water into your mouth | stubbornly remain silent |
| slurping unsalted | be deceived in one's expectations |
| without hind legs | 1) be exhausted, extremely tired; 2) sleep soundly |
| hold your tail with a gun | try to appear cheerful, independent |
Phraseology studies stable phrases (Greek. phrasis- "expression", logos- “teaching”). All constant speech patterns of the language are called “phraseology”.
In a broad sense, phraseological units are proverbs and sayings, catchphrases - all complete phrases or phrases.
Phraseologism is a unique linguistic unit. Externally, in structure, it is similar to phrases - it consists of two or more component words.
They differ in that the words in it lose their independent lexical meaning.
The meaning of a phraseological unit is not the sum of the meanings of the components, as in a free phrase - green + field = green field, but is completely different - brew + porridge = “start a complex and unpleasant business”, sideways + get out = “do not pass without a trace, end badly.” The meaning follows from a stable phrase and expresses one concept. It is the same in meaning.
Phraseologisms have the property of impenetrability: a new component cannot be introduced into their structure. They are characterized by a stable sequence of words.
Other terms for defining phraseological units are idiom (Greek. idioma– “special property”), phraseological unit, phraseme, set phrase, phraseological turn. In any language, phraseological units are individual, they need to be understood. They are not translated word for word into another language.
Like words, phraseological units serve as names of actions, phenomena, states, objects, signs. Some of them combine expressive coloring with meaning.
Expressiveness is understood as the presence of an evaluative component, informational “redundancy” in contrast to a neutral word: tuck your tail between your legs, talk about lofty matters- ironic, from rags to riches, clearing up the mess- disapprovingly, monkey labor, oatmeal forehead- contemptuously, alive smoking room, wait to eat- jokingly.
Phraseologisms sound like free phrases. This phenomenon is defined as homonymy:
Ideoms that have several meanings will be homonymous: close your eyes– be close to the dying person in the last minutes of life; hide, keep silent about something; deliberately not paying attention, not noticing something.
Phraseologisms that are close in meaning are combined into synonymous rows. Examples: “very quickly” (run, escape) – one foot here, the other there, with all your might, as if on fire, with all your blades.
From stable figures of speech you can also form pairs that are opposite in meaning (antonyms): a yellow-throated chick is a shot sparrow, soul to soul - like a cat and a dog, lose your temper - pull yourself together, stick to your line - dance to someone else's tune.
Sustained phrases are not created spontaneously during oral communications and written speech. These are ready-made lexical units with a known meaning. Etymology (a branch of linguistics) studies phraseological units and their origin.
Most of them came into the literary language from folklore: sealed, milk rivers, self-assembled tablecloth, good fellow, red maiden. Many phrases are associated with ancient rituals, now forgotten.
Many phraseological units came from vocabulary: get into tune, play first violin- from musicians; the game is not worth the candle- from furriers, cut like a nut, without a hitch- from the carpenters. Some phrasemes are related to history: ice carnage, Monomakh's hat, all over Ivanovo.
There are expressions associated with biblical stories and ancient mythology: carry your cross, Babylonian pandemonium, until the second coming,with or on a shield, Augean stables, Trojan horse.
Here are a couple of interesting phraseological units, the meaning of which is related to their origin.
According to the ancient belief of our ancestors, a closed (circular) line, made with coal or a knife, charmed with special words, acquired power and protected from evil spirits. The circle was also carried out in the air.
In Nikolai Gogol's story "Viy", Khoma Brut escapes from the witch by drawing a circle around himself and saying a prayer. Russian warriors drew a circle above their heads with the end of their sword, believing that enemy blows would not touch them, who had been enchanted. The expression “ headlong"- boldly, without fear of anything.
Turnover " rub glasses"(to deceive someone) comes from the jargon of card cheats and means the real action of rubbing in extra points on so-called powder cards. Using the “sticky” powder, the player turned a six into a seven or eight, a two into a three. That is, he rubbed in the points needed for the required amount (for example, 21 points).
The expression took root in speech and served as the basis for the formation of nouns fraud(deception) and fraudster(deceiver).
Phraseological units still appear today: give out on the mountain, new Russians, rich Pinocchio, Cherchet la femme, rush hour.
Phraseological phrases are well remembered. Ready-made and known to the reader, they facilitate perception. The use of antonymic (opposite in meaning) contextual combinations, figurative phrases, and ambiguity attracts the attention of the audience.
The problem is that the administration of our enterprise selects and places personnel contrary to good traditions, which have been described in folklore for a long time. According to these traditions, it is not recommended to let a goat into the garden, throw a pike into the river, or appoint a fox to be in charge of the chicken coop.
The use of phraseological units when writing content is appropriate in a conversational style, as well as in artistic and journalistic ones. Here are a few techniques for transforming phraseological units:
Headings based on phraseological units arouse reader interest. Metaphors have an emotional impact on the audience: Water Doesn't Come Alone, Squeeze Race, Freedom on the Left.
The news, presented as a word game with a stable turnover, sounds like a slogan: In the yard there is a pillar, at the pillar there is a gentleman.
Augean stables
First clear out these Augean stables, and then you can go for a walk.
Meaning. A cluttered, polluted place where everything is in complete disarray.
Arshin swallow
It stands as if it had swallowed an arshin.
Meaning. Standing unnaturally straight.
Overeat henbane
In Pushkin’s “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish,” the old man, outraged by the shameless greed of his old woman, angrily says to her: “Why, woman, have you eaten too much henbane?”
Meaning. Behaving absurdly, viciously, like a madman.
Buridanov's donkey
He rushes about, cannot decide on anything, like Buridan’s donkey.
Meaning. An extremely indecisive person, hesitating between equally valuable decisions.
Let's go back to our sheep
However, enough about this, let's get back to our sheep.
Meaning. An appeal to the speaker not to be distracted from the main topic; a statement that his digression from the topic of conversation was over.
Versta Kolomenskaya
Everyone will immediately pay attention to a Kolomna mile like you.
Meaning. This is what they call a very tall person, a brute.
Lead by the nose
The smartest man, he fooled his opponent by the nose more than once or twice.
Meaning. Deceive, mislead, promise and fail to deliver.
Hair on end
Horror gripped him: his eyes rolled out, his hair stood on end.
Meaning. This is what they say when a person is very frightened.
That's where the dog is buried!
Ah, that's it! Now it’s clear where the dog is buried.
Meaning. That's the thing, that's the real reason.
Add the first number
For such deeds, of course, they should get paid the first day!
Meaning. Severely punish or scold someone
Rub glasses
Don't believe it, they're trying to bully you!
Meaning. Deceive someone by presenting the matter in a distorted, incorrect, but beneficial light for the speaker.
Voice in the wilderness
Work in vain, you will not convince them, your words are the voice of one crying in the wilderness.
Meaning. Denotes vain persuasion, appeals that no one heeds.
Goal like a falcon
Who says a good word to me? After all, I'm an orphan all around. Goal like a falcon.
Meaning. Very poor, beggar.
Naked truth
This is the state of affairs, the naked truth without embellishment.
Meaning. The truth is as it is, without mincing words.
Onion grief
Do you know how to cook soup, dear onion.
Meaning. A klutz, an unlucky person.
Two-Faced Janus
She is deceitful, cunning and hypocritical, a real two-faced Janus.
Meaning. Two-faced, hypocritical person
In the bag
Well, that's it, now you can sleep peacefully: it's all in the bag.
Meaning. Everything is fine, everything ended well.
Money doesn't smell
He took the money and didn’t wince, money doesn’t smell.
Meaning. It is the availability of money that is important, not the source of its origin.
Keep in a black body
Don't let her sleep in bed By the light of the morning star, Keep the lazy girl in a black body And don't take off her reins!
Meaning. Harshly, strictly treat someone by forcing them to work hard; to oppress someone.
Bring to white heat
Vile guy, drives me crazy.
Meaning. Make you angry to the limit, drive you crazy.
Smoke rocker
In the tavern the smoke stood like a yoke: songs, dances, shouting, fighting.
Meaning. Noise, din, disorder, turmoil.
Egyptian executions
What kind of punishment is this, just Egyptian executions!
Meaning. Disasters that bring torment, severe punishment.
Iron curtain
We live as if behind an iron curtain, no one comes to us, and we don’t visit anyone.
Meaning. Obstacles, obstacles, complete political isolation of the country.
Yellow press
Where did you read all this? Don't trust the yellow press.
Meaning. A low-quality, deceitful press, greedy for cheap sensations.
Alive Smoking Room
A. S. Pushkin wrote an epigram to the critic M. Kachenovsky, which began with the words: “How! Is Kurilka the journalist still alive? It ended with wise advice: “...How to extinguish a stinking splinter? How can I kill my Smoking Room? Give me some advice.” - “Yes... spit on him.”
Meaning. An exclamation when mentioning someone's continued activity or existence despite difficult conditions.
Behind seven seals
Well, of course, because this is a sealed secret for you!
Meaning. Something incomprehensible.
Nick down
And get this in your head: you won’t be able to deceive me!
Meaning. Remember it firmly, once and for all.
The truth is in the wine
And next to the neighboring tables Sleepy footmen hang around, And drunkards with rabbit eyes shout “In vino Veritas.” Alexander Blok
Meaning. If you want to find out exactly what a person is thinking, treat him to wine.
It is not worth it
You shouldn't do this. The game is clearly not worth the candle.
Meaning. The effort expended is not worth it.
To the head analysis
Well, brother, you've come late to the very basic analysis!
Meaning. Be late, show up when it’s all over.
How to get chickens into cabbage soup
And he ended up with this case like chickens in cabbage soup.
Meaning. Bad luck, unexpected misfortune.
King for a day
I would not trust their generous promises, which they give out right and left: caliphs for an hour.
Meaning. About a man who accidentally found himself in a position of power for a short time.
Scapegoat
I'm afraid that you will forever be their scapegoat.
Meaning. Responsible for someone else's fault, for the mistakes of others, because the true culprit cannot be found or wants to evade responsibility.
sing Lazarus
Stop singing Lazarus, stop being poor.
Meaning. Beg, whine, complain exaggeratedly about fate, trying to evoke the sympathy of others.
Get into trouble
You promised to be careful, but you deliberately get into trouble!
Meaning. Undertaking something risky, running into trouble, doing something dangerous, doomed to failure.
Disservice
Constant praise from your lips is a real disservice.
Meaning. Unsolicited help, a service that does more harm than good.
Cast pearls before swine
In a letter to A. A. Bestuzhev (late January 1825), A. S. Pushkin writes: “The first sign of an intelligent person is to know at first glance who you are dealing with, and not to throw pearls in front of the Repetilovs and the like.”
Meaning. Wasting words speaking to people who cannot understand you.
You can't ride a goat
He looks down on everyone, you can’t even approach him on a crooked goat.
Meaning. He is completely unapproachable, it is not clear how to contact him.
Unlucky man
Nothing went well with him, and in general he was a bad person.
Meaning. Frivolous, careless, dissolute.
Shelve
Now you’ll put it on the back burner, and then you’ll forget it completely.
Meaning. Give the case a long delay, delay its decision for a long time.
Retired goat drummer
I am no longer in office - a retired goat drummer.
Meaning. A person not needed by anyone, respected by anyone.
Bring it under the monastery
What have you done, what should I do now, you brought me under the monastery, and that’s all.
Meaning. To put someone in a difficult, unpleasant position, to bring them under punishment.
Plant the pig
Well, he has a nasty character: he planted the pig and is satisfied!
Meaning. Secretly set up some nasty thing, do some mischief.
Get into trouble
The guy got into such trouble that even the guard screamed.
Meaning. Find yourself in a difficult, dangerous or unpleasant situation.
Professor of sour cabbage soup
He is always teaching everyone. Me too, professor of sour cabbage soup!
Meaning. Unlucky, bad master.
Beluga roar
For three days in a row she roared like a beluga.
Meaning. Scream or cry loudly.
Divorce antimonies
That's it, the conversation is over. I have no time to create antimonies with you here.
Meaning. Chat, carry on empty conversations. Observe unnecessary ceremony in relationships.
On the side of the bake
Why should I go to them? Nobody called me. It's called coming - on the side of the heat!
Meaning. Everything is random, extraneous, attached to something from the outside; superfluous, unnecessary
Orphan Kazan
Why are you standing, rooted to the threshold like an orphan from Kazan.
Meaning. This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone.
Grated kalach
As a grated kalach, I can give you practical advice.
Meaning. This is what they call an experienced person who is difficult to deceive.
Tip on your tongue
What are you saying? Thump your tongue!
Meaning. An expression of dissatisfaction with what was said, an unkind wish to someone who says something that is not meant to be said.
Sharpen the laces
Why are you sitting idle and sharpening your swords?
Meaning. Talking idle talk, engaging in useless chatter, gossiping.
Pull the gimp
Now they’re gone, he’ll keep dragging his feet until we give up on this idea ourselves.
Meaning. To procrastinate, to delay something, to speak monotonously and tediously.
Hit face in the dirt
Don't let us down, don't lose face in front of the guests.
Meaning. To make a mistake, to disgrace oneself.
In the middle of nowhere
What, should we go see him? Yes, this is in the middle of nowhere.
Meaning. Very far away, somewhere in the wilderness.
Fig leaf
She is a terrible pretender and a lazy person, hiding behind her imaginary illness like a fig leaf.
Meaning. A plausible cover for unseemly deeds.
Filka's certificate
What kind of filthy letter is this, can’t you really express your thoughts?
Meaning. An ignorant, illiterate document.
Grab the stars from the sky
He is a man not without abilities, but there are not enough stars from heaven.
Meaning. Do not be distinguished by talents and outstanding abilities.
That's enough of a prickle
He was in great health, and suddenly he got sick.
Meaning. Someone died suddenly or was suddenly paralyzed.
Apple of discord
This ride is a real bone of contention, can’t you give in, let him go.
Meaning. What gives rise to conflict, serious contradictions.
Pandora's Box
Well, now hold on, Pandora's box has opened.
Meaning. Everything that can serve as a source of disaster if you are careless.
