To parse a word according to its composition or do its morphemic analysis means to indicate what morphemes it consists of. A morpheme is the minimally significant part of a word.
The following morphemes exist in Russian:
Each part of the word has a graphic symbol. You can see how parts of a word are designated in a Russian language textbook, in a morpheme dictionary, or on the Internet.
Parsing a word according to its composition online is not difficult if you know the rules by which it is done. At the initial stage, you can use a morpheme-spelling dictionary - it will help you avoid making mistakes.
The word must contain only one or more roots. There are no words without a root. There are no words without a base. But there are very often words without suffixes, prefixes or endings. This shouldn't be surprising.
It often happens that the entire word represents the stem. This happens, for example, with adverbs. They belong to the unchangeable parts of speech. The word "quickly" does not have an ending (the "o" in the word is a suffix), and therefore the entire word will be the basis.
Tikhonov’s word-formation dictionary will help the student in conducting morphemic analysis. This textbook contains information about the composition of 100 thousand words of the Russian language. The dictionary is easy to use, and during primary school it should become your reference book.
Those who have Internet skills will find useful resources where they can do morphemic analysis of words online. Practice if Russian language lessons at school are not enough for you.
Morphemic analysis consists of the following stages:
To parse a word according to its composition or do its morphemic analysis means to indicate what morphemes it consists of. A morpheme is the minimally significant part of a word.
The following morphemes exist in Russian:
Each part of the word has a graphic symbol. You can see how parts of a word are designated in a Russian language textbook, in a morpheme dictionary, or on the Internet.
Parsing a word according to its composition online is not difficult if you know the rules by which it is done. At the initial stage, you can use a morpheme-spelling dictionary - it will help you avoid making mistakes.
The word must contain only one or more roots. There are no words without a root. There are no words without a base. But there are very often words without suffixes, prefixes or endings. This shouldn't be surprising.
It often happens that the entire word represents the stem. This happens, for example, with adverbs. They belong to the unchangeable parts of speech. The word "quickly" does not have an ending (the "o" in the word is a suffix), and therefore the entire word will be the basis.
Tikhonov’s word-formation dictionary will help the student in conducting morphemic analysis. This textbook contains information about the composition of 100 thousand words of the Russian language. The dictionary is easy to use, and during primary school it should become your reference book.
Those who have Internet skills will find useful resources where they can do morphemic analysis of words online. Practice if Russian language lessons at school are not enough for you.
Morphemic analysis consists of the following stages:
Sometimes when we hear a “sort of” word, we become interested in what it means and where its roots come from. Here it is useful to remember that the structure of any word is analyzed using two analyses: morphemic and word-formative. And here, analyzing a word by its composition online for free on the Internet can be a great help. But no matter what opportunities the World Wide Web gives us, we still need to know the basics for ourselves. Morphemic analysis is the selection of morphemes that make up a given word, that is, elementary particles. At the same time, when using morphemic analysis of a word online, remember that it is also an analysis of the word according to its composition online. We do it step by step:
We write out the word (without changing its form from the context) and determine the part of speech to which it belongs.
Celebrating the end. We simply decline the word and find it easily.
We find the basis.
Determine the root and list words with the same root.
Identify prefixes, suffixes, postfixes and select words with similar but different roots.
As you can see, you can sit on the word yourself and parse it according to the above points or turn to the “Online Morpheme Analysis” option.
Online word-formation analysis is also available. In fact, it can also be provided:
Find the source of the word.
Indicate whether this word is derivative, indicating its stem.
Choose the initial word (that is, the one from which ours is derived).
We highlight the base of the word we are analyzing and word-forming suffixes, postfixes or prefixes.
Now you can determine the way in which a given word is formed.
Now that we know how to parse a word according to its composition and how to analyze word formation, we will indicate the differences between these two methods and some features, knowledge of which will be useful for their implementation:
1. With word-formation, we analyze the word in its initial form, and with morphemic, we analyze the word in the form in which it is in the text.
2. Compound words are already derivatives.
3. To find out whether this word is a derivative, it is enough to indicate its stem in the initial form.
4. When we see a prefix or suffix in the stem, the word is complex. (except for cases with prefixless verbs).
5. When the base form has one root, it is usually defined as non-derivative. This does not apply to the following cases: transition from any part of speech to another; the phenomenon of zero suffixation.
6. In a word, we can always identify its base, but the ending is in the parts of speech that change.
Thus, we looked at how you can study the structure of a word and determine its origin.
We are residents of Ukraine, and after my daughter took a new subject at school - the Russian language - problems arose with morphemic parsing. All the dictionaries were taken 10 years ago to my grandmother’s village to heat the stove, so I had to resort to the Internet. In the first query we were looking for the word . Now I regularly read the dictionary, even out of curiosity. Who would have thought that there were sites where information was organized so conveniently as yours. Now we can cope with parsing words by composition without any problems. Thanks for your hard work! Daria Vasilievna
I was most interested in old Russian words, or Ukrainian ones, which also have their own long history. It was surprising to me that the word has ancient roots, especially since it was used not only in Russian, but also in other languages. I would like to note that the more we know the history of words, the more we will know our history, and this is very interesting. My children are also interested in this and sometimes even advise me to watch something new and learn. NikitaN
Whenever I hear a long and incomprehensible word, I try to independently divide it into parts and understand how it is formed. If I can’t do it myself, I have to look in specialized literature, but often I can’t find the word I’m looking for there. I tried to find it on the Internet and this dictionary helped me a lot; there are words according to their composition online. You can very quickly find the word you are interested in and see complete information about it. It’s very nice that definitions are posted here that will be useful to those who don’t know where to start. Margarita
From birth we are native speakers and as our vocabulary expands, we become curious about how certain words came about. Sometimes it is not possible to identify the stem of a word on your own and find out the derivational or morphemic composition of the word, then a detailed analysis of the word’s composition online comes to our aid. The solution to questions of interest can be found quite simply. It describes in great detail how to correctly parse a word; step-by-step instructions and parsing rules are available even for children. This resource is a godsend for the curious. Svetlana
Analysis of Morphemes for parsing a word by composition is not so simple, despite the clearly provided algorithms. Quite complex grammatical nuances of the language often lead to erroneous or ambiguous parsing of modern parts of words. When identifying compound forms-morphemes: “prefix-root-suffix-ending”, their simple identification with parts of words similar to the given ones is not enough. Therefore, many students are unsure whether their analysis of the word according to its composition is correct. An online dictionary for free will help you eliminate doubts and improve your knowledge. Here are several reasons for the initially incorrect analysis: - analysis begins with the root - the category of the adjective, verb and verbal forms is incorrectly defined - the lexical-syntactic context is not taken into account - the discrepancy between the letter and letter-sound composition word forms.
Sofia-AnnaMy daughter has an excellent Russian teacher. She instilled in her children a love of language. And even I participate in the process of parsing words in a sentence. For us, this is a fun crossword puzzle and brain training. After completing all the points, we check the work using the online morphemic analysis option on the website. If my daughter does the task herself, without us, then she also uses this site for difficult words. And there are many of them in our language. For example, unchangeable words have no ending at all. And they can be determined only by clearly understanding which part of speech is given to us. Basically, these are adverbs. Or another category of unchangeable words. In it, difficulties arise with foreign indeclinable nouns. Children often make mistakes by attributing non-existent endings or suffixes to them. Valentina
The richness and boundlessness of the Russian language is amazing. The Russian language has a very rich vocabulary and there is a lot of mystery and unusualness in it. Morphemic analysis is very interesting to carry out, to find the original source of the word, and also to separate prefixes and suffixes, endings. In our modern times, an online dictionary for analyzing words by composition for free can come to the rescue. An online dictionary is useful because, after parsing and if you doubt the correctness of the execution, you have the opportunity to check yourself by typing into the search engine “parsing a word according to its composition, online dictionary for free on the Internet.” It is quite difficult to parse words that came to us from another language or Old Slavonic words. Thanks to the online dictionary, everything becomes quite easy and simple. Elena Helen
Live and learn. My daughter goes to high school and periodically baffles my wife and me with her questions about the Russian language. Well, for example, with definitions like the null-morpheme unit. Okay, when you’re just trying to remember whether you had it when you were at school or not, and you look at its textbook to see what children are taught now. But it's worse when she brings homework and asks to check it. This is where it gets fun: if she approved, but it turned out to be wrong, then it’s not her fault, but her parents’ for the bad grade. Moreover, authority suffers. So, in my old age, I have to climb through paper dictionaries, which never had any morphemic analysis. Thank you, slovoline, I found it on the Internet. Now I periodically use it in such delicate situations. Dmitriy
It’s not for nothing that Russian is recognized as one of the most difficult languages to learn, along with Chinese. But alas, school knowledge is forgotten with age and with each passing year, the rules are increasingly erased from memory. And when you suddenly have to face the task of parsing a word or sentence, you look at the task in a stupor and feverishly try to systematize scraps of school knowledge, but nothing comes of it and you secretly, so that no one sees, write in the search engine to parse by composition of the word online. The Internet has greatly simplified everyday life, but unfortunately, it is killing the language. You have probably noticed more than once with bitterness how our children communicate online: hi, ok, bye, etc. And therefore, many thanks to the creators of such resources for their efforts. Anton80
Good afternoon. Please parse the word according to the composition of the SPOOK and if possible send it by email to fontan83mail.ru I really need to ask it at school and no one can help Sergey P
The great Russian language is rich and complex. The depth of its morphemic structure is especially touching. We, adult Russian speakers, do not at all notice the natural complexities of constructing words in our native speech. But if you can just imagine how difficult it can be for foreigners... Although we also had to learn at some point. Everyone was children. A very interesting and useful resource about the rules of morphemic parsing of words in the Russian language. zinaya-sad
Invisible.
We note the ending is written separately, but the site is good. The site is boring, work on it. The number of letters in writing the message is too many, make it smaller, maybe it will help someone. As I said, the site is good, but a lot of things are missing. Thank you for your attention and understanding Invisible.
Very good and correct site! I am simply delighted and proud of him! You have to keep it that way! Very useful, most importantly no errors! I recommend it to you and your children! I do not know him:(
Damn, better shut down your slop shop, I so often find complete nonsense in your work. Where have you, literate people, seen the “dancer” completely hit the root??? What word did it come from then, I wonder? yitsukeng
I tried this dictionary in practice. I can suggest modifying the logic of the service so that words completely typed in the input window are also accepted. Now, to perform morphemic analysis of a word after entering several letters, it must be selected from the list. If you type a word for parsing, despite its presence in the list, it is not caught in the dictionary and its parsing is not shown. Although this inconvenience is fully offset by the invaluable service that everyone receives using a service that provides word analysis by composition. The online dictionary has been developed taking into account almost all language nuances and will help both students improve their grades in Russian and test their knowledge. Self-control will not hurt, because Russian can surprise even experts. Daria Bilchik
I work with typesets of texts and online morpheme analysis, which I found on this site, helps me a lot in my work. How well do I know the Russian language, and sometimes I have to look into the dictionary in order to correctly compose texts in Russian. You can find the most complex phrases very simply and easily. I often test myself using this knowledge. I believe that this online dictionary is simply indispensable for both professionals and school students for learning the Russian language. I recommend it to my friends. Maxim Govorov
This dictionary is a good auxiliary tool. To find out a word by its composition online, this need arises when there are difficulties in parsing or doubts. Various speech morphemes are presented here, some are complex due to atypical word formation. Only the analysis of interjections or function words never raises questions, because they contain no auxiliary parts, only the root. Examples: if, but, when, hello, ah, etc. Kuznetsova Irina
Olkezay
I found so much information on this site. It is very helpful for studying grammar in detail, it is very easy to work with. The Russian language is very difficult to learn and a lot of new things have appeared recently. The sound-letter analysis of words, which I found on this site for study, helps me a lot. I study at the Faculty of Philology. Now my fellow students are already using this online dictionary. olga gukol
The "Dictionary of Morphemic Analysis" is offered online. This is a dictionary of word analysis by composition. It contains an analysis of the morphemic structure of more than 2,300 words selected based on the search queries of our website visitors. The dictionary is constantly updated Tequila
Recently, my son’s school took a “Analysis of words by composition” in the Russian language, I had a chance to remember all my knowledge and delve into the Internet. I received a good hint on this site while studying the morphemic analysis of a word. Now the child began to figure out where the base of the word is, where the ending is, and where the root and prefix with suffix are. The most clear thing is that the word must be parsed in the form as it is written in the text, and then divided into parts of which it consists. DictionaryOnline
I study at the Faculty of Philology and this online dictionary was a godsend for me. Sound-letter parsing of words is very easy to use. Even a schoolchild can use such a dictionary, and the most important thing is that when using such a dictionary, knowledge is consolidated in memory perfectly. Now among my classmates it has become very popular to use this dictionary in independent assignments and coursework. Angelina
Correctly identifying the morphemes of a word is not an easy science for anyone, but the reliability of the service is not absolute, since automatic analysis is subject to errors. Just like the morphological analysis of words online from this service contains inaccuracies. For example, the special property of the verbs -give- and -is-, which are inflected in a different type from the general one, is not specified. These are nuances that are significant; this must be taken into account when using these dictionaries. Irina Leonidovna
Morphemic analysis of a word allows you to see all the constituent elements of the word. On the Internet I found this site, which contains a large number of dictionaries and interesting articles. This article very competently and popularly describes the algorithm for morphemic word parsing. An online service has also been proposed that will parse words into their component parts without human intervention. A very convenient service for lazy students. Catherine
I live in Ukraine and study at a Russian school. To write texts correctly, it is very important to be able to do morphemic analysis of words. Our Russian language teacher told us about the existence of an online dictionary and explained how to work with it. Now I do morphemic analysis of words online for free. This helps me in my studies. It is compiled very simply, the explanations are easy to understand. Great help in my learning process. Olga Vasilenko
There are a lot of such words in the Russian language. In my opinion, morphemic analysis of a word is an excellent way to understand where a particular word came from. Find out the root of the word and so on. For example, many culinary words come from French words, I heard about it. In addition, when it is possible to parse a word online, it is even easier. You don’t waste time on this, and you definitely won’t make mistakes. We try to use the service more often, and we really like it. Alexander
Morphemic analysis requires an in-depth study of the origins of words. They change over time, family ties are lost, and as a result there are many discrepancies among different dictionary authors. For this reason, morphemic analysis of words online cannot even theoretically claim absolute accuracy, based on only one word-forming dictionary. And word formation is the determining factor in identifying word-forming morphemes and stems. Irina Leonidovna
My friend and I have recently been studying at the philological faculty of our university. During the first session, when preparing coursework, a problem arose with morphemics. Fortunately, our friends told us about the existence of this extraordinary online dictionary! Now the morphemic analysis of a word by composition has become an unusually easy task for us, and all coursework was completed perfectly! Now we recommend this site to all classmates. Igor Petrov
I now teach Russian in high school, and I have to turn to parsing very often to teach schoolchildren to write correctly. Now there are good opportunities to use this dictionary to do morphemic analysis of words online. This is very convenient for me and my students, because you can use it in the right situation due to its accessibility. Now any controversial issue can be sorted out using a dictionary. Stephanie.
The online version helps us a lot. Especially when we sit down to study or play some kind of game. I especially like to understand words by their composition, although sometimes we make mistakes, but we learn from our mistakes. We often look here to make sure we are doing everything right. In addition, there are so many words in the Russian language that it could take years to sort them out. New words have also appeared that are not familiar, and understanding them is even more interesting. Eugene
In my work with my students at school, I now use the dictionary, which is located on this site, for more competent writing of the analysis of words by composition online - it is very convenient. The knowledge gained is easy to remember; such a dictionary contains a lot of information. Then it’s very convenient for me that this dictionary is very accessible, our school has the Internet and children can use it at any time. Victoria Vyacheslavovna
In modern everyday life there are many words that have lost their original roots. Therefore, the analysis of words by composition may not be based on etymology, which causes disagreements when identifying morphemes. This also explains the presence of ambiguous opinions about whether the concepts of cognate words and related ones are identical. For example, -bear- was formed from the combination of 2 roots -med- and -ved-. But now the words honey and vedat are not considered to have the same root. Irina Leonidovna
Online morphemic analysis will help you clearly determine which part of speech the selected word belongs to. After it, without much difficulty, it is possible to find the ending and separate it from the base for further analysis. This step will give us the opportunity to select the root by selecting words of the same root and subsequently find service morphemes - prefixes and suffixes, quickly and conveniently. DictionaryOnline
Isolating morphemes for students presents significant difficulties. Although there are affixes that are quite common. Analysis by composition is easier for students who have a clear understanding of the service word-forming parts. Schoolchildren should know the morphemes that are most common in the formation of new parts of speech from producers, what their lexical function is - the meaning that is given to the resulting words with their help. Irina Leonidovna
I have now become familiar with this site. Russian language teachers told me about it. For teaching the Russian language, the material on word analysis online, located here, is a great help in your work. It is very convenient to work with the dictionary; it is a great helper for spelling literacy. Now I will work with my students using this online dictionary. Now there is WI-FI at school and this dictionary can be used at work. Alexandra
I teach at a Russian school in Ukraine. I just became familiar with this site. I liked how easy and simple it is to use word analysis in this online reference book. The topic is very complex and important in writing literacy. Now I will definitely recommend it to my students, because now the Internet is everywhere and at any time you can use this dictionary when working on texts. Yulia Ivanichenko.
The Russian language is constantly being improved and it is necessary to constantly improve the level of knowledge. Friends told me about a dictionary where you can analyze words by composition online for free. I work with documents and having considered the capabilities of this dictionary, and most importantly its availability at any time, ease of use of the dictionary, I realized the advisability of using it in my work. Stanislav
It is impossible to competently express your thoughts in written or oral forms without knowledge of the rules of word formation. On this site, analyzing a word by its composition online will allow you to quickly determine what, for example, the ending will be in a particular term, how to use a word in the plural, make up complex words, etc. Reducing the time it takes to create a text message and saving nerve cells is a real help not only for schoolchildren, but also for students, teachers, linguists and many others. DictionaryOnline
Many people think that determining the stem by doing morphemic analysis is simple. Found the ending, the foundation remains. However, it is not easy to parse the composition of any part of speech because of the many nuances. They cause frequent errors. For example, the formative suffixes -e-, -ee- and others involved in the comparative degree of adjectives: higher, stronger, bolder, heavier, etc., have a peculiarity. They are not components of the base. Irina Leonidovna
I got acquainted with the analysis of words by composition online on this site. A lot of useful information has been collected, which is logically summarized in this dictionary. The Russian language is constantly improving, so using such an online dictionary is necessary for me as someone who works with documents in my work. It’s very easy for me to work with him, everything is clear and easy to understand. Now I will definitely use this dictionary in my work. Oleg Vasiliev
Working in Ukraine, I deal with documentation that is certainly printed in Ukrainian, but the everyday language is Russian. Both Russian and Ukrainian languages are actively developing. There is a great variety of words of foreign origin in the modern linguistic “arsenal”. When you meet a word for the first time, but you don’t immediately understand its meaning, it becomes necessary to analyze the word’s composition. And thanks to the information summarized on this site, it is extremely easy to remember the principles of this analysis. MariaMaria
Today, we don’t see any problems understanding words online, but the grammar needs to be improved. It is very difficult to remember the school curriculum we had many years ago. You have to look for online helpers so that there are no problems with parsing words and so on. Morphemic analysis of words is especially helpful; my wife and I forgot about this a long time ago. We continue to educate ourselves on the resource. Valery Chalov
In the article at the beginning of the site it is written not growing, but growing! It’s a shame... And why should the message be 150 characters long!?. The site is of course good, but there are some problems #Victor
The root morpheme has the most essential function. Analyzing the word according to its composition, it can be noted that the root, which serves as a common morpheme for all cognates, still has the property of being modified. This happens as a result of the alternation that has developed historically, among the types of which the replacement of a vowel (consonant) with a combination of two vowels (consonants) is especially complex: beat - fight (alternate -i- with -oi-), catch - catch (-v- with -vl- ). Irina Leonidovna
I often have to use an online dictionary in my work. My fellow teachers told me about it. My students had a hard time mastering the topic of morphemic analysis of a word, but without this knowledge of the issue it is difficult to teach them how to write correctly. Now I taught them to use word analysis online. It’s easy to do on this site; even younger students can figure it out; it’s very convenient to use. And mastery of the topic began to progress. Sergey Volkov
No matter how much you study the Russian language, sometimes there are times when you should consult a dictionary to find out the correct spelling. In this online dictionary, the analysis of words by composition is discussed in detail, here you can find all the answers to the question of correct spelling. Therefore, it is convenient and easy for me to use the online dictionary, it is always at hand, it is compiled simply and the information presented in it is in an easily accessible form. Vataly
To parse words according to their composition online, at first glance, everything is very simple, in fact, we can’t do without the help of your site, the main thing is to find the root of the word, and then everything is much more complicated, that’s why we turn to the site for help, now we only have homework on Only A's, morphemic analysis of words by composition is now not a problem for my son and me, homework is a pleasure to do now with a child. Natalia
There are components of words that differ from the rest - interfixes, which in their role are not significant and do not belong to classical morphemes. Their most famous type is connecting vowels between 2 roots. They occur when you analyze complex words by their composition online, for example, -airplane-. Here the connecting -o- is not included in any morpheme, but it enters the base without interrupting it. Kuznetsova Irina
You would first learn the rules of the Russian language, and then create the site (“grow” in the second line). Spelling of roots -rast-, -rasch- and -ros-: before letters and combinations -st- and -sch- it is written -a-, otherwise it is written -o-. Lenaproplvyaop
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Tikhonov A.N. Morphemic-spelling dictionary of the Russian language. Russian morphemics. - M.: Shkola-Press, 1996. - 704 p.
The dictionary combines the parameters of a morphemic dictionary (a dictionary of the morphemic composition of words) and a spelling dictionary.
The dictionary also includes theoretical material on morphemics.
Sample dictionary entries
bio... - the first part of compound words is always written together
at/high, adv.. (fly up), but noun to the heights (to the heights of heaven)
you´/kach/a/nn/y ( from you´/quality/a/t)
you'/kach/enn/y ( from you´/kat/i/t).
Kuznetsova A.I., Efremova T.F. Dictionary of morphemes of the Russian language. - M.: Russian language, 1986. - 1136 p.
The dictionary contains about 52,000 words. The dictionary itself consists of 3 parts: 1. Root part; 2. Prefix part; 3. Suffix part. The dictionary also provides information about the principles of morphemic analysis and the rules for constructing morphemic dictionaries.
The Dictionary includes the following applications: 1. The roots of the Russian language, summarized in morphemes. 2. The most productive roots of the Russian language. 3. Omomorphemic roots. 4. Prefixes of the Russian language. 5. Suffixes of the Russian language. 6. The most active suffixes and prefixes of the Russian language. 7. The most productive models of Russian words. 8. The most active multimorphemic units (morphemic blocks).
Sample dictionary entries
I. Root part
GRANDFATHER
√grandfather- Ø
√de d-in- A
√grandfather -k- A
√grandfather -ov- Ø
√grandfather -ov-sk- th
√grandfather -ushk- A
pra´-√- Ø
great-√grandfather -ov-sk- th
great-√grandfather -ushk- A
great-great´-√grandfather- Ø
II. Prefix part
WHO
WHOO-√-i´- t- pl
III. Suffix part
ATOR
1st place
√-A´TOR- Ø - gas, exam
√-A´TOR-sk- th- exam
II place
√-ifik-A´TOR- Ø - gas, class
Tikhonov A.N. Word-formation dictionary of the Russian language: In 2 volumes - 2nd ed., erased. - M.: Russian language, 1990.
This lexicographic work is the first large nested dictionary of the Russian language. Contains information about the word-formation structure of about 145,000 derived words.
The dictionary also includes information about the basic concepts of Russian word formation.
Sample dictionary entry
138. likely)
| probably O | |
| Not-probably 1 | |
| probably awn | |
| probability n th
Not-probability 1 equal- O-probability- n th see equal to 1 |
|
| probably andj-e | |
| Not-probability 1 | |
| Not-likely | |
| incredible O 2
incredible awn 2 unbelievable- andj-e 2 |
|
| small- O-probably tn(y) see small 1 | |
| unlikely awn | |
Baranov M.T. School dictionary of the formation of words in the Russian language. - M.: Education, 1997. - 350 p.
The dictionary contains information about the structure of a word and the method of its formation.
Sample dictionary entries
grocery| n|й (adj.) ← grocery´[ th A]
caretaker (noun, m.) ← head driving household element (addition of abbreviated bases; z’//z; in’//in; loss of all blows.; purchasing a new blow.)
riddle| n|й (adj.) ← riddle a (zero star// O ; To //h )
Alekseenko M.A., Belousova T.P., Litvinnikova O.I. Dictionary of phraseological vocabulary of the modern Russian language. - M.: Azbukovnik, 2003. - 400 p.
The dictionary combines elements of explanatory, word-formation and phraseological dictionaries. The goal is “to systematically present a special layer of vocabulary of the modern Russian language - words whose meanings were formed under the influence of phraseological units.”
Sample dictionary entries
APOPHEGE´Y And APOFIGE´Y,-her, m. Zharg. Okkaz. Joking-iron. The highest degree of indifference to the environment; arrogant attitude towards social and everyday problems. Formed on the basis of phraseological units By fig and noun apogee and apotheosis. It gained popularity due to its symbolic use in the story “Apothegeus” by Yu. Polyakov. ♦ COMPLETE APOPHEGEI (apophigey). Jarg. 1.Same as apogee. 2. About smth. very good, beautiful, of the highest quality, causing admiration.< ACCORDING TO FIG (I don't care). Simple to whom what. Doesn't matter. Nobody cares, so here we are... Recorded 1997
UNFIVE-MINUTE,-oh, -oh. Okkaz. Almost accomplished (in profession, social position). Impossible five-minute engineer Lebedev. Ogonyok, 1984, No. 39. A quick-and-easy candidate of sciences,” the head of the department introduced me to my colleagues, “the defense of my dissertation was scheduled for the fall. Recorded 2001< БЕЗ ПЯТИ МИНУТ кто. Почти (стал кем-л. по профессии, положению и т.п.). Here is a guy sitting, five minutes to a minute he is a master. Song from the film. "Carnival Night".
Demon/five/minute-n(s)
ANTEDILUVIAN,-oh, -oh. Razg. Joking-iron. Existed before the flood. Outdated, outdated. // Obsolete, old-fashioned. The printing base is poorly developed: here we are half a century behind foreign countries. But even antediluvian equipment is not enough. AiF, 1989, No. 46, 4. — There is no need to spread your antediluvian ideas and take us back a hundred years ago! This is all outdated. I. Goncharov, Literary evening. In one of the closed bays, a small, antediluvian structure, a deck carbass stood for the winter. Stanyukovich, Sailor.< ДО ПОТОПА. Очень давно [букв.: существовавший до мифического библейского потопа]. When it was, and you remember everything. This was before the Great Flood, so get it out of your head, no one remembers anything who was the first of the brothers to take after their own father. You can't answer for them. Recorded 1973
Antediluvian)
Alekseev D.I., Gozman I.G., Sakharov G.V. Dictionary of abbreviations of the Russian language / Ed. DI. Alekseeva. - 4th ed., erased. - M.: Russian language, 1984. - 487 p.
The dictionary contains about 17,700 abbreviations.
Sample dictionary entries
ADD[a-de-de´] - A secondary abstract d dissertations for an academic degree d Doctor of Sciences
university, m. - V higher at educational h aduction
geogr. - geography; geographical
gr-ka- citizen
laser,m., English. - l ight a amplification by s stimulated e mission of r adiation laser(quantum mechanical amplifier of the light range)
IAEA[magate´] - M international ah agency for at ohmic uh energy
those... - thematic (for example: template)
That.- Thus.
Sklyarevskaya G.N. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. - M.: Eksmo, 2004. - 448 p.
The dictionary contains more than 6,000 abbreviations.
Sample dictionary entries
agro Agrarian.
BSO[be-es-o´] and ( decomposition.) [be-se-o´], uncl., m. Big Symphony Orchestra. BSO went on tour. Competition in the BSO.
V. Century (after the number).
military registration and enlistment office, A, m. Military Commissariat.
film Film.
this year This year.
UNEP[yune´p], uncl., and. (English. United Nations Environment Program - UNEP) United Nations Environment Program.
Tikhonov A.N., Boyarinova L.Z., Ryzhkova A.G. Dictionary of Russian personal names. - M.: Shkola-Press, 1995. - 736 p.
The dictionary presents diminutive derivatives of personal names, as well as etymological information.
The dictionary contains the following applications: 1. Declension and spelling of personal names; 2. Education, declension, use of patronymics; 3. Birthday calendar; 4. List of names used to call newborn children in the Smolensk region from 1989 to 1992; 5. From the instructions on the procedure for registering acts of civil status in the Russian Federation.
Sample dictionary entry
IOLA´NT|A, s and [lat. "violet"].
Derivatives (7):
Iolanth
Iol(ant|a)→Iol|a→ Yo l|a 1
Yo l|a 2
(Io)lan(t|a)→ Lan|a→Lan|k|a 1→Lan very good|k|a 1
Lan|k|a 1→Lan ech|k|a 1
Lan|echk|a 2, Lan|ochk|a 2
Lan|echk|a 3, Lan|k|a 2, Lan|ochk|a 3, Lan|k|a 2
Dictionary of names of inhabitants of the USSR / Ed. A.M. Babkina and E.A. Levashova. - M.: Russian language, 1975. - 616 p.
The dictionary contains about 10,000 names.
The dictionary includes the following appendices: 1. Names of residents of cities in foreign countries; 2. Names of residents by rivers, lakes, islands, etc. (foreign countries).
Sample dictionary entries
VORONEZH REGION
A'NNA town, A'NNINSKY district
a´nninets, -n ts a.
GREAT BRITAIN
(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
ABERDEEN city, ABERDEEN county
Aberdeenians, -ts e v
Aberdeenian, -n ts a.
Levashov E.A. Dictionary of adjectives from geographical names. - M.: Russian language, 1986. - 550 p.
The dictionary includes about 13,000 adjectives.
The appendix provides information about adjectives formed with a significant change in the productive stem.
Sample dictionary entries
BRUSSELS (BRUSSELS) (Belgium)
Brussels (Brussels). At the corner of two narrow Brussels streets is the famous Mannequin Piss fountain. L. Lench, On a bus in three countries. The Caravel jumped up and took off from the concrete path of the Brussels airfield. Week, 1976, 47.
LAVALE (France)
Lavalsky
TsAGA'N AMA'N town (RSFSR)
Tsaga´n-ama´skiy
Efremova T.F. Explanatory dictionary of word-formation units of the Russian language: Ok. 1900 word forms. units. - 2nd ed., rev. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2005. - 636, p.
The dictionary is a lexicographic description of affixal word-forming units of the Russian language and includes 1892 morphemes. Provides information about the semantics of these units, as well as their combinability properties.
The dictionary includes the following applications: 1. The system of word-formation units described in the dictionary. 2. The word-formation system of the modern Russian language as an object of study in a non-Russian audience.
Sample dictionary entries
(-AMI/-YAMI)
An irregular word-forming unit that stands out in adverbs with the adverbial meaning of time, place or manner of action, which are named with the corresponding motivating words: tops, times, years, places, packs, seedlings, snatches.
When forming, prepositional forms of the instrumental case of the plural of motivating nouns are used.
A word-forming suffix can be either stressed (with stress on the vowel of its first syllable) or unstressed.
A regular and productive formative unit that forms adjectives with the meaning of a characteristic that is characterized by the highest degree of manifestation of the quality called a motivating word (the latter is usually played by superlative forms of adjectives), for example: greatest, strongest, best, smartest, worst(cf., however, the last one, the most recent one and some etc.).
As a rule, it is attached to a derived motivating base with superlative suffixes -aysh-, eish-, -sh-, adjacent directly to the root.
The formative prefix is unstressed, and the stress falls on the motivating base (on the same syllable as in the motivating adjective).
Ratsiburskaya L.V. Dictionary of unique morphemes of the modern Russian language.- M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2009. - 160 p.
The dictionary is the first scientific reference publication in Russian lexicography, which reflects the composition of the unique morphemes of the modern Russian language. The dictionary contains more than three hundred unique units of suffix, prefix and root nature. The preface includes the following sections: “The question of unique morphemes in modern linguistics”, “Unique morphemes and principles of their isolation” and “Types of unique morphemes”.
Sample dictionary entries
-TIER-(/'ARUS/-) (glass tier)- the meaning of an object consisting of / material, named by a motivating noun (glass)/.
Wed: vat-nick, mustard-nick, carrot-nick.
GLASS´RUS- “a type of large bead - multi-colored short glass tubes strung on a thread.”
They sewed Varvara a brown dress with black lace and glass beads (Chekhov. In the Ravine).
VPO-(in the dark)- indicates that the attribute / is related to what is called a motivating noun (dark)/.
Wed: in the morning, in the bottom; in a dry way, in a joke; in the middle, in captivity.
IN THE DARKNESS- “in the dark, in the darkness.”
Groping his way through the dark corridor to his room, Arbuzov kept expecting that he was about to stumble upon some obstacle in the darkness (Kuprin. At the circus).
-VA-:all in, motivating - noun bank(meaning “in some card games: a certain amount of money at stake”).
ALL IN- “in some card games: for all the money in the bank.”
/Officer/ kept betting all-in cash and winning (L. Tolstoy. Sevastopol in August 1855).
See also Belyakova, G.V. Suffixal nomina loci in modern Russian: an explanatory dictionary / G.V. Belyakova; scientific ed. Dr. Philol. sciences, prof. N. F. Alefirenko. - Astrakhan: Publishing house "Astrakhan University", 2008. - 259 p.
Baranova L.A. Dictionary of abbreviations of foreign language origin. - M.: AST-PRESS KNIGA, 2009. - 320 p. - (Small desktop dictionaries of the Russian language).
